TABLE 1.
Genetic associations with HLA in DHRs.
| Causative drug | Genetic factor | Ethnicity | ADR | OR | p-value | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole) | HLA- B*13:01 | Chinese, Thai, Malaysian | DRESS | 45 (18.7–134) | 1.1 x 10−26 | Wang et al. (2021) |
| DRESS | 3.88 (1.56–9.63) | 0.0025 | Sukasem et al. (2020) | |||
| Thai | DRESS | 8.44 (2.66–26.77) | 2.94 x 10−4 | Nakkam et al. (2022) | ||
| HLA- B*15:02 | Taiwan | SJS/TEN | 2.7 (1.2-5.7) | 0.008 | Wang et al. (2021) | |
| Thai | SJS/TEN | 3.47 (1.25–9.63) | 0.0201 | Sukasem et al. (2020) | ||
| SJS/TEN | 3.91 (1.42–10.92) | 0.0037 | Kongpan et al. (2015) | |||
| HLA-C*06:02 | Thai | SJS/TEN | 11.84 (1.24–566.04) | 0.0131 | Kongpan et al. (2015) | |
| HLA-C*08:01 | Thai | SJS/TEN | 3.53 (1.21–10.40) | 0.0108 | Kongpan et al. (2015) | |
| HLA-B*38 | European | SJS/TEN | 8.6 (3.5–21) | < 10−4 | Lonjou et al. (2008) | |
| HLA-B*38:01 | European | SJS/TEN | 4.3 (1.4–12.7) | 0.022 | Lonjou et al. (2008) | |
| HLA-B*38:02 | Chinese, | SJS/TEN | 2.5 (1.4–4.3) | 0.003 | Wang et al. (2021) | |
| Thai | ||||||
| HLA- A*11:01 | Japanese | SJS/TEN | 14.77 (2.97–73.4) | 4.91 x 10−4 | Nakamura et al. (2020) | |
| DRESS | 6.56 (1.46–29.4) | 0.0187 | Nakamura et al. (2020) | |||
| Penicillins (Benzylpenicillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin) | HLA-B*55:01 | European | Allergy | 1.30 (1.25–1.34) | 10−47 | Krebs et al. (2020) |
| HLA-B*48:01 | Thai | Allergy | 35.18 (1.64–753.16) | 0.023 | Singvijarn et al. (2021) | |
| HLA-C*04:06 | Thai | Allergy | 20.56 (1.78–237.92) | 0.016 | Singvijarn et al. (2021) | |
| HLA-C*08:01 | Thai | Allergy | 7.5 (1.92–29.36) | 0.009 | Singvijarn et al. (2021) | |
| HLA- | Italian | Allergy | 8.9 (3.4–23.3) | < 0.001 | Romano et al. (2022) | |
| DRB3*02:02 | ||||||
| Dapsone | HLA- B*13:01 | Chinese, Thai | DRESS | 49.64 (5.89–418.13) | 2.92 x 10−4 | Wang et al. (2013), Zhang et al. (2013), Chen et al. (2018b) |
| DRESS | 122.1 (23.5–636.2) | 6.04 x 10−12 | ||||
| DRESS | 40.50 (6.38-257.03) | 2.37 x 10−4 | ||||
| Thai | SJS/TEN | 36.00 (3.19–405.89) | 0.0476 | Satapornpong et al. (2021) | ||
| SCAR | 26.11 (7.27–93.75) | 10−4 | Satapornpong et al. (2021) | |||
| Indonesian | Hypersensitivity | 328.87 (1.44–106.7) | 1.32 x 10−7 | Krismawati et al. (2020) | ||
| HLA-C*03:04 | Thai | SCAR | 9.00 (2.17–37.38) | 0.0464 | Satapornpong et al. (2021) | |
| Vancomycin | HLA- A*32:01 | European | DRESS | 403 (20.69–7849.44) | 10-8 | Konvinse et al. (2019) |
| Spanish | DRESS | 6.36 (1.68–24.13) | 0.014 | Bellon et al. (2022) | ||
| Chinese | DRESS | 7.8 (1.7–35.8) | 0.035 | Wang et al. (2022c) | ||
| HLA-B*07:05 | Chinese | DRESS | 32.3 (2.8–367.7) | 0.047 | Wang et al. (2022c) | |
| HLA-B*40:06 | Chinese | DRESS | 4.7 (1.3–16.1) | 0.036 | Wang et al. (2022c) | |
| HLA-B*67:01 | Chinese | DRESS | 44.8 (7.2–280.4) | 0.002 | Wang et al. (2022c) | |
| Clindamycin | HLA-B*51:01 | Chinese | cADR | 9.73 (2.93–32.35) | 0.0018 | Yang et al. (2017) |
| HLA-B*15:27 | Chinese | cADR | 55.6 (4.65–665.24) | 0.0138 | Yang et al. (2017) | |
| Strontium ranelate | HLA- A*33:03 | Chinese | SJS/TEN | 19.4 (2.0–188.0) | 0.006 | Lee et al. (2016) |
| Chinese | SJS | 25.97 (3.08–219.33) | 5.17 x 10−3 | Chen et al. (2021b) | ||
| HLA-B*58:01 | Chinese | SJS/TEN | 8.0 (1.2–53.1) | 0.042 | Lee et al. (2016) |
Abbreviation: cADR, cutaneous adverse drug reaction; DRESS, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; SCAR, severe cutaneous adverse reactions; SJS, Stevens-Johnson syndrome; TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis.