Table 2.
Types of primary diseases in t-MDS, treatment for the primary disease, median latency and OS.
| Primary disease | n | Chemotherapy | Radiation | Chemotherapy and radiation | Median latency time, years (min-max) | Median OS, months (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solid tumors* | 176 | 37 (21%) | 95 (54%) | 45 (25%) | 6.6 (0.4–48.9) | 22 (15.9–28.1) |
| Prostate | 50 | 3 (6%) | 44 (88%) | 3 (6%) | 7.9 (0.9–19.8) | 41 (25.3–56.7) |
| Breast | 40 | 7 (18%) | 19 (48%) | 14 (35%) | 7.7 (0.8–21.7) | 41 (24.4–58.4) |
| Uterine | 20 | 1 (5%) | 9 (45%) | 10 (50%) | 8.1 (0.8–21.9) | 12 (0–27.3) |
| Lung | 15 | 6 (40%) | 5 (33%) | 4 (27%) | 3.9 (0.4–8.6) | 14 (9.4–18.6) |
| Colon/rectal | 14 | 7 (50%) | 4 (29%) | 3 (21%) | 8.0 (0.4–13.4) | 57 (0–120.5) |
| Head and neck | 6 | 0 | 6 (100%) | 0 | 3.8 (0.4–7.5) | 29 (0–59.0) |
| Ovarian | 6 | 5 (83%) | 0 | 1 (17%) | 3.0 (0.4–13.0) | 18 (2.4–33.6) |
| CNS and eye | 7 | 0 | 2 (29%) | 5 (71%) | 4.8 (1.9–15.3) | 10 (4.9–15.1) |
| Hematological malignancies | 160 | 124 (78%) | 2 (1%) | 34 (21%) | 6.5 (0.3–32.0) | 9 (6.9–11.1) |
| NHL** | 71 | 53 (75%) | 2 (3%) | 16 (23%) | 5.7 (0.3–25.6) | 10 (7.0–13.0) |
| Myeloma | 19 | 12 (63%) | 0 | 7 (37%) | 5.3 (1.7–21.6) | 6 (2.8–9.2) |
| AML | 18 | 17 (94%) | 0 | 1 (6%) | 5.0 (1.1–18.8) | 15.0 (4.6–25.4) |
| ET | 14 | 13 (93%) | 0 | 1 (7%) | 7.4 (1.3–22.0) | 7 (0–27.2) |
| CLL | 11 | 10 (91%) | 0 | 1 (9%) | 9.6 (1.4–15.6) | 4 (1.4–6.6) |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 9 | 2 (22%) | 0 | 7 (78%) | 14.8 (1.8–32.0) | 14 (0–37.4) |
| Polycythemia Vera | 9 | 8 (89%) | 0 | 1 (11%) | 5.9 (2.2–14.8) | 7 (1.2–12.8) |
| Myelofibrosis/MPN NOS | 6 | 6 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 8.0 (3.3–14.0) | 4 (0–12.4) |
| ALL | 3 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 2.8 (1.5-18.0) | 49.0 (0–111.4) |
| Non-malignant diseases*** | 63 | 62 (99%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | – | 26 (7.8–44.2) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 30 | 30 (100%) | 0 | 0 | – | 33.0 (8.6–57.4) |
| Psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis | 12 | 12 (100%) | 0 | 0 | – | 18.0 (9.5–26.5) |
| SLE/systemic inflammatory disease/vasculitis | 10 | 10 (100%) | 0 | 0 | – | 13 (0–36.2) |
| IBD | 5 | 5 (100%) | 0 | 0 | – | 16 (3.1–28.9) |
| Other | 5 | 4 (80%) | 1 (20%) | 0 | – | 44 (14.1–73.9) |
| Unknown non-malignant | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Unknown | 24 | 16 (67%) | 7 (30%) | 1 (4%) | – | 26.0 (1.7–50.3) |
OS Overall survival, CNS Central nervous system, NHL Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, AML acute myeloid leukemia, ET essential thrombocythemia, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, MPN NOS Myeloproliferative neoplasia not otherwise specified, ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, IBD Inflammatory bowel disease.
*Not shown 3 cases of bladder cancer, testicular cancer and cervical cancer, 2 cases of anal cancer, cancer of the small intestine and sarcoma, 1 case of esophageal, skin and kidney cancer.
**Including 4 cases of Waldenstrom’s disease.
***Not shown one case of bullous pemphigoid, nephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, polymyalgia rheumatica, and thyrotoxicosis (treated with radioiodine).