Table 4.

Hierarchical regression of demographics, fluid ability, personality, and emotional abilities onto module grades.

Measure	Food & Beverages I			Food & Beverages II			Wine & Spirits			Rooms division
	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p
Step 1
Constant	3.98	0.306	***	3.62	0.371	***	4.02	0.454	***	4.19	0.333	***
Age	0.044	0.016	0.006**	0.064	0.019	0.001**	0.049	0.024	0.041*	0.051	0.017	0.004**
Gender	−0.058	0.045	0.207	−0.119	0.055	0.032*	−0.109	0.067	0.103	−0.072	0.050	0.146
Nationality	0.077	0.047	0.107	0.049	0.056	0.385	0.146	0.068	0.032*	0.035	0.051	0.493
R2 (ΔR2)	0.053 (0.053)			0.057 (0.057)			0.046 (0.046)			0.039 (0.039)
ΔF		5.48**		6.16***			5.08**			4.32**
Step 2
Constant	3.67	0.332	***	3.25	0.403	***	3.67	0.498	***	3.75	0.355	***
Age	0.042	0.016	0.008**	0.063	0.019	0.001**	0.049	0.024	0.040*	0.049	0.017	0.004**
Gender	−0.071	0.046	0.121	−0.138	0.056	0.013*	−0.125	0.068	0.065	−0.080	0.049	0.104
Nationality	0.075	0.047	0.114	0.070	0.057	0.219	0.139	0.069	0.044*	0.042	0.050	0.404
Fluid ability	0.009	0.003	0.001**	0.005	0.003	0.094	0.011	0.004	0.007**	0.013	0.003	***
Extraversion	0.015	0.018	0.394	0.040	0.022	0.068	−0.013	0.026	0.607	−0.002	0.019	0.914
Agreeableness	0.019	0.021	0.354	−0.012	0.025	0.644	0.020	0.030	0.510	0.011	0.022	0.613
Conscientiousness	0.027	0.017	0.129	0.042	0.021	0.048*	0.036	0.025	0.162	0.042	0.018	0.025*
Emotional Stability	−0.008	0.015	0.587	−0.012	0.019	0.527	0.010	0.023	0.653	−0.016	0.016	0.317
Openness	−0.043	0.020	0.038*	−0.018	0.025	0.464	−0.051	0.029	0.086	−0.036	0.021	0.091
R2 (ΔR2)	0.110 (0.057)			0.097 (0.040)			0.081 (0.035)			0.122 (0.083)
ΔF		3.05**		2.20*			1.95			4.95***
Step 3
Constant	3.74	0.349	***	3.32	0.421	***	3.90	0.516	***	3.79	0.371	***
Age	0.039	0.016	0.012*	0.061	0.019	0.002**	0.045	0.023	0.054	0.047	0.017	0.005**
Gender	−0.047	0.046	0.309	−0.108	0.056	0.052	−0.085	0.067	0.207	−0.069	0.049	0.159
Nationality	0.057	0.048	0.234	0.045	0.057	0.435	0.113	0.070	0.106	0.041	0.051	0.426
Fluid ability	0.005	0.003	0.090	0.000	0.004	0.957	0.004	0.004	0.403	0.009	0.003	0.003**
Extraversion	0.019	0.018	0.303	0.043	0.022	0.050	−0.006	0.026	0.820	0.002	0.019	0.907
Agreeableness	0.010	0.021	0.648	−0.026	0.025	0.291	0.002	0.030	0.940	0.001	0.022	0.952
Conscientiousness	0.025	0.017	0.151	0.040	0.021	0.058	0.032	0.025	0.196	0.039	0.018	0.036*
Emotional Stability	−0.008	0.015	0.584	−0.010	0.019	0.580	0.012	0.022	0.579	−0.011	0.016	0.481
Openness	−0.046	0.020	0.024*	−0.020	0.025	0.422	−0.054	0.029	0.065	−0.034	0.021	0.111
Emotion recognition	0.300	0.153	0.051	0.319	0.186	0.088	0.279	0.227	0.218	−0.064	0.164	0.697
Emotion understanding	−0.043	0.139	0.760	0.067	0.168	0.690	0.171	0.206	0.407	0.306	0.147	0.039*
Emotion regulation	−0.243	0.226	0.283	−0.355	0.267	0.185	−0.700	0.321	0.030*	−0.267	0.236	0.258
Emotion management	0.385	0.150	0.011*	0.481	0.181	0.008**	0.636	0.218	0.004**	0.317	0.157	0.045*
R2 (ΔR2)	0.144 (0.035)			0.135 (0.038)			0.127 (0.046)			0.153 (0.039)
ΔF	2.90*			3.24*			4.03**			2.80*

Measure	Business tools			Hospitality management
	B	SE	p	B	SE	p
Step 1
Constant	4.31	0.793	***	4.21	0.376	***
Age	0.012	0.041	0.771	0.028	0.020	0.154
Gender	0.237	0.117	0.044*	−0.003	0.055	0.950
Nationality	−0.022	0.120	0.853	0.036	0.057	0.520
R2 (ΔR2)	0.014 (0.014)			0.011 (0.011)
ΔF	1.48			1.23
Step 2
Constant	3.23	0.824	***	3.73	0.415	***
Age	−0.005	0.039	0.909	0.027	0.020	0.162
Gender	0.178	0.113	0.116	−0.013	0.056	0.820
Nationality	−0.021	0.116	0.858	0.056	0.057	0.332
Fluid ability	0.040	0.007	***	0.007	0.003	0.034*
Extraversion	0.045	0.044	0.310	0.023	0.022	0.283
Agreeableness	0.054	0.053	0.308	0.015	0.025	0.559
Conscientiousness	0.031	0.044	0.470	0.027	0.021	0.200
Emotional Stability	−0.003	0.038	0.929	0.001	0.019	0.955
Openness	−0.113	0.049	0.023*	−0.012	0.025	0.628
R2 (ΔR2)	0.138 (0.124)			0.043 (0.031)
ΔF	7.31***			1.72
Step 3
Constant	3.97	0.861	***	3.72	0.439	***
Age	0.001	0.039	0.987	0.025	0.020	0.206
Gender	0.177	0.113	0.118	−0.004	0.057	0.943
Nationality	0.033	0.117	0.776	0.052	0.059	0.375
Fluid ability	0.048	0.008	***	0.004	0.004	0.222
Extraversion	0.053	0.044	0.232	0.024	0.022	0.269
Agreeableness	0.059	0.053	0.262	0.009	0.026	0.718
Conscientiousness	0.044	0.043	0.307	0.025	0.021	0.239
Emotional Stability	−0.014	0.038	0.716	0.002	0.019	0.902
Openness	−0.109	0.049	0.028*	−0.012	0.025	0.633
Emotion recognition	−0.698	0.387	0.072	0.038	0.192	0.844
Emotion understanding	−0.627	0.344	0.069	0.045	0.172	0.793
Emotion regulation	−0.753	0.545	0.168	−0.002	0.274	0.993
Emotion management	0.008	0.373	0.984	0.245	0.187	0.190
R2 (ΔR2)	0.171 (0.033)			0.050 (0.007)
ΔF	3.03*			0.577

N = 330.

Regression method: Enter. Step 1: Age, Gender (0 female, 1 male), Nationality (0 international, 1 Swiss); Step 2: Fluid ability, personality; Step 3: Emotional abilities.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.