Table 1.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in cattle on farms in Limpopo province, South Africa, and univariable analysis of possible risk variables in cattle for Q fever seropositivity.

Risk factor	Number of animals sampled	Number testing positive	% seropositive	Chi-square p-value
District municipality
Capricorn	127	27	21.26	0.35
Sekhukhune	123	28	22.76
Waterberg	133	38	28.57
Sex
Female	335	81	24.18	0.90
Male	48	12	25.00
Abortion historya
No	158	33	20.89	0.20
Yes	225	60	26.67
Infertility historya
No	363	91	25.07	0.13
Yes	20	2	10.00
Weak offspring history
No	335	81	24.18	0.90
Yes	48	12	25.00
Manure usesa
Fertilizer	252	70	27.78	0.03
Not used	131	23	17.56
Ticks infestation or presence of ticks in the farms
No	54	14	25.93	0.76
Yes	329	79	24.01
Herd sizea
1–50	191	36	18.85	<0.01
51–100	53	11	20.75
101–150	112	27	24.11
>150	27	19	70.37
Farm typea
Commercial	215	62	28.84	0.02
Communal	168	31	18.45

^aVariable significant (p < 0.30) for inclusion into multiple logistic regression model.