Table 3.

Baseline characteristics in patients with and without combined comorbidities during the outbreak period.

Characteristics	Control (n = 13,430)	Cases (n = 970)	p-value
Age (years)
20–29	40 [0.3%]	0 [0.0%]	0.089
30–39	330 [2.5%]	3 [0.3%]	< 0.001
40–49	1,524 [11.3%]	39 [4.0%]	< 0.001
50–59	3,478 [25.9%]	92 [9.5%]	< 0.001
60–69	4,394 [32.7%]	120 [12.4%]	< 0.001
70–79	3,664 [27.3%]	112 [11.5%]	< 0.001
80–89	0 [0.0%]	577 [59.5%]	< 0.001
90	0 [0.0%]	27 [2.8%]	< 0.001
Sex			< 0.001
Male [n (%)]	10,459 [77.9%]	534 [55.1%]
Female [n (%)]	2,971 [22.1%]	436 [44.9%]
Procedure
PCI [n (%)]	13,416 [99.9%]	969 [99.9%]	0.991
Bypass surgery [n (%)]	45 [0.34%]	3 [0.31%]	0.893
Vital sign
Systolic BP (mmHg) [mean (SD)]	136 (± 37)	139 (± 31)	0.253
Diastolic BP (mmHg) [mean (SD)]	81 (± 22)	80 (± 18)	< 0.001
Pulse rate (beats/min) [mean (SD)]	79 (± 22)	84 (± 22)	< 0.001
Respiratory rate (beats/min) [mean (SD)]	18.9 (± 4.1)	20.2 (± 3.3)	< 0.001
Temperature (°C) [mean (SD)]	36.1 (± 3.6)	36.5 (± 0.6)	0.057
Symptom onset to ED visit (hours) [median (IQR)]	3.92 (1.20–23.1)	5.52 (1.87–26.2)	< 0.001
Duration of ED stay (hours) [median (IQR)]	3.65 (1.65–7.73)	4.15 (2.02–8.18)	0.001
Distribution after emergency care (%)
Death	0 [0.0%]	0 [0.0%]	–
Transfer d/t medical resource shortage	0 [0.0%]	0 [0.0%]	–
Admission to GW	5,663 [42.2%]	362 [37.3%]	0.003
Admission to ICU [n (%)]	7,766 [57.8%]	608 [62.7%]	0.003
Hospital stays (days) [median (IQR)]	3.17 (1.90–5.18)	4.68 (2.82–8.38)	< 0.001

Cases are patients with DM and either CKD, heart failure, or age ≥ 80 years and controls are subjects without DM, CKD, heart failure and age < 80 years.

DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ICU, intensive care unit; BP, blood pressure, SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ED, emergency department; GW, general ward; DM, diabetes mellitus.