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. 2023 Apr 26;10:1142429. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142429

Table 3.

Selected economic evaluations of anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

Study (Year) Patient population Analysis/Methodology Country Intervention vs. Comparator Time Horizon Currency Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio Reference
Freeman (2011) Patients aged 65 years or older with nonvalvular AF and risk factors for stroke (CHADS2 score ≥1) and no contraindications to anticoagulation. CUA/Markov model United Kingdom High-dose (150 mg bid) or low-dose (100 mg bid) dabigatran vs. warfarin Lifetime 2008 US$ $45,372/QALY (High Dose Dabigatran)
$51,229/QALY (Low Dose Dabigatran)
(51)
Kleintjens (2013) Patients with non-valvular AF at moderate to high risk of stroke (CHADS2 score ≥2) CUA/Markov model Belgium rivaroxaban vs. warfarin Lifetime 2010 Euros €7,493/LY
€8,809/QALY
(54)
Canestaro (2013) Patients 70 years or older with atrial fibrillation CUA/Markov model United States dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban vs. apixaban vs. warfarin Lifetime 2011 USD Compared to warfarin:
$93,063/QALY (apixaban)
$111,465/QALY (rivaroxaban)
$140,557/QALY (dabigatran)
(55)
You (2014) Patients with AF at risk of stroke (CHADS2 scores ≥2) CUA/Markov model United States DOACs (apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban) vs. warfarin [stratified by time in therapeutic range (TTR)] Lifetime 2013 USD $35,804/QALY (60% TTR)
$60,141/QALY (70% TTR)
$79,268/QALY (75% TTR)
(56)
Shah (2016) Patients with AF at risk of stroke CUA/Markov model United States dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban vs. apixaban vs. edoxaban vs. warfarin Lifetime 2015 USD Compared to warfarin:
$25,816/QALY (apixaban)
$27,643/QALY (edoxaban)
$57,434/QALY (rivaroxaban)
$31,435/QALY (dabigatran)
(57)
Cowper (2017) Patients with AF and 1 or more additional risk factors for stroke CUA/Trial-based United States apixaban vs. warfarin Lifetime 2014 USD $53,925/QALY (58)
Wu (2021) Patients older than 75 years with AF CUA/Markov model United States dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban vs. apixaban vs. edoxaban vs. warfarin 10 years 2020 USD Compared to warfarin:
$112,439/QALY (dabigatran)
$71,587/QALY (rivaroxaban)
$52,800/QALY (apixaban)
$15,865/QALY (edoxaban)
(59)

AF, atrial fibrillation; CDN, Canadian Dollar; CUA, cost utility analysis; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; HF, heart failure; QALY, quality adjusted life years; LY, life years; TTR, time in therapeutic range; USD, US Dollar.