Table 2.
Role of MXenes as ETL/ additives in ETL in PSCs [The letter “C” in the bracket stands for the control (reference or pristine) device)]
| Device structure | Voc [V] | Jsc [mA cm−2] | FF [%] | PCE [%] | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITO/NiO/MAPbI3/PCBM/BCP/Ag (C) | 1.09 | 21.41 | 77 | 17.97 | [91] |
| ITO/NiO/Ti3C2Tx doped- MAPbI3/MXene-PCBM/BCP/Ag | 1.09 | 22.88 | 77 | 19.20 | |
| FTO/SnO2/(FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03/Spiro-OMeTAD (C) | 1.07 | 21.88 | 71.90 | 16.83 | [120] |
| FTO/MDCN air & N2/(FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03/Spiro-OMeTAD | 1.10 | 24.16 | 74.05 | 19.14 | |
| ITO/SnO2/MA0.15FA0.85PbIxBr(3−x)/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag (C) | 1.111 | 20.65 | 70.99 | 16.28 | [121] |
| ITO/SnO2/Ti3C2Tx/MA0.15FA0.85PbIxBr(3−x)/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.113 | 23.65 | 76.01 | 20.35 | |
| FTO/TiO2/Cs2AgBiBr6/Spiro-OMeTAD /MoO3/Ag (C) | 0.93 | 3.29 | 65 | 2.00 | [122] |
| FTO/Ti3C2Tx@TiO2 (0.2 wt%)/Cs2AgBiBr6/Spiro-OMeTAD /MoO3/Ag | 0.96 | 4.14 | 70 | 2.81 | |
| ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/PC61BM/BCP/Ag (C)* | 1.04 | 21.53 | 72 | 15.55 | [123] |
| ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/Ti3C2Tx-PC61BM/ BCP/Ag* | 1.06 | 22.90 | 77 | 18.37 | |
| ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/Ti3C2Tx/BCP/Ag* | 0.72 | 5.47 | 50 | 2.01 | |
| FTO/SnO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag (C) | 1.06 | 23.04 | 72.88 | 17.78 | [124] |
| FTO/SnO2-Ti3C2 MXene/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.07 | 23.44 | 75.86 | 18.84 | |
| ITO/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag (C) | 0.80 | 15.87 | 40 | 5 | [111] |
| ITO/Ti3C2Tx/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.08 | 22.63 | 70 | 17.17 | |
| ITO/SnO2/CsFAMAIBr perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag (C) | 1.111 | 24.71 | 69.1 | 18.96 | [125] |
| ITO/SnO2-Nb2C/CsFAMAIBr perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.138 | 25.29 | 79.5 | 22.86 | |
| ITO/P-Nb2CTx/FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag (C) | 1.054 | 23.82 | 71.49 | 17.95 | [112] |
| ITO/T-Nb2CTx/FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.117 | 24.55 | 73.79 | 20.23 | |
| TO/T-Nb2CTx/FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 + T-Nb2CTx/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.124 | 25.07 | 77.36 | 21.79 | |
| FTO/TiO2:SnO2:Ti3C2Tx/(FAPbI3)0.97(MAPbBr3)0.03/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 1.10 | 22.03 | 77.78 | 18.9 | [113] |
| ITO/SnO2/FAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoOx/Ag (C) | 1.093 | 25.22 | 81.11 | 22.36 | [126] |
| ITO/Ti3C2Tx-H-doped SnO2/FAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoOx/Ag | 1.121 | 25.49 | 84.42 | 24.12 | |
| ITO/SnO2/FA0.9MA0.05Cs0.05PbI0.98Br0.02/Spiro-MeOTAD/MoO3/Au (C) | 1.140 | 24.26 | 75.8 | 20.96 | [127] |
| ITO/SnO2-Ti3C2Tx QDs/FA0.9MA0.05Cs0.05PbI0.98Br0.02/Spiro-MeOTAD /MoO3/Au | 1.172 | 24.96 | 79.8 | 23.34 | |
| ITO/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag (C) | 1.03 | 20.61 | 70 | 14.86 | [114] |
| ITO/HO-Ti3C2Tx@Ti3C2Tx/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag | 1.07 | 23.11 | 74 | 18.29 | |
| FTO/c-TiO2: Ti3C2Tx/m-TiO2:Ti3C2Tx/Ti3C2Tx/MAPbI3:Ti3C2Tx/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 1.09 | 23.82 | 77.6 | 20.14 | [179] |
| FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/Ti3C2Tx QD/CsFAMAIBr perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au | 1.12 | 23.51 | 74.62 | 19.65 | [180] |
The sign"*” represents the maximum values of the photovoltaic parameters