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. 2023 May 10;45(3):1967–1985. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00805-6

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Overview of the timeline, assessment periods, and study arms. Red font helps to identify control arms. c = control; CT = cognitive training; PC = pure control; PE = physical exercise; SYN = synergic; VD = vitamin D