Table 3.
Injury rates by body region/specific structure, provisional diagnosis, mechanism of injury, type of injury, and provisional severity assessment (defined as time loss in days) for the experimental and control groups
| Exp Injuries (n) | EXP Incidence (injuries/1000) | Con Injuries (n) | Con Incidence (injuries/1000) | IRR [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body region/specific structure | |||||
| Head and neck | 0.57 [0.09, 3.39] | ||||
| Scalp | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Neck soft tissue | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Thorax | 0.43 [0.04, 4.69] | ||||
| Soft tissues - posterior muscles | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Soft tissues - anterior and lateral muscles | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Abdomen | 0.43 [0.04, 4.69] | ||||
| Abdominal muscles | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Skin | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Lower back | 0.43 [0.04, 4.69] | ||||
| Soft tissues - posterior muscles | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Soft tissues - ligaments and tendons | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Pelvis | 0.21 [0.02, 1.90] | ||||
| Hip bones (iliac, pubic, sacrum) | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Groin muscles | 1 | 0.020 | 3 | 0.07 | |
| Shoulder | 0.28 [0.03, 2.72] | ||||
| Anterior soft tissues (joint capsule, tendons, and ligaments) | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Posterior soft tissues (joint capsule, tendons, and ligaments) | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Skin | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Upper arm | 0.28 [0.03, 2.72] | ||||
| Anterior muscles and soft tissues | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Posterior muscles and soft tissues | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Skin | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Elbow | 0.28 [0.03, 2.72] | ||||
| Ulnar-humeral joint | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Lateral soft tissues | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Skin | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Forearm | 0.28 [0.03, 2.72] | ||||
| Ulna | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Lateral soft tissues | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Blood vessels | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Wrist, hand, and fingers | 0.85 [0.17, 4.21] | ||||
| Bones (metacarpals, phalanges) | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Soft tissues (ligaments, tendons) | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Skin | 2 | 0.040 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Thigh | 0.43 [0.13, 1.41] | ||||
| Anterior muscles (quadriceps) | 2 | 0.040 | 4 | 0.094 | |
| Posterior muscles (hamstrings) | 2 | 0.040 | 4 | 0.094 | |
| Knee | 0.43 [0.19, 0.95] | ||||
| Tibiofemoral joint | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Patellofemoral joint | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Superior tibiofibular joint | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Soft tissue - cartilage (meniscus) | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Soft tissue - ligaments, tendon, or joint capsule | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Blood vessels | 2 | 0.040 | 4 | 0.094 | |
| Skin | 2 | 0.040 | 4 | 0.094 | |
| Lower leg | 0.38 [0.12, 1.23] | ||||
| Tibia | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Fibula | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Anterior compartment muscles | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Posterior compartment muscles | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Skin | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Blood vessels | 0 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.023 | |
| Ankle | 0.43 [0.17, 1.05] | ||||
| Talocrural joint | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Inferior tibiofibular joint | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Soft tissue - ligaments and joint capsule | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Soft tissue posterior tendons (Achilles) | 1 | 0.020 | 3 | 0.07 | |
| Soft tissue anterior/lateral tendons (tibialis anterior, peroneii, extensor hallicis) | 0 | 0.000 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Blood vessels | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.047 | |
| Skin | 2 | 0.040 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Foot and toes | 0.57 [0.20, 1.59] | ||||
| Tarsal bones | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.047 | |
| Metatarsal bones and phalanges | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.047 | |
| Soft tissue - plantar fascia and muscles | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Metatarsophalangeal joints | 1 | 0.020 | 1 | 0.047 | |
| Ligaments, tendons | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Skin | 1 | 0.020 | 2 | 0.047 | |
| Provisional diagnosis | |||||
| Abrasion/graze | 5 | 0.100 | 10 | 0.235 | 0.43 [0.15, 1.24] |
| Sprain | 4 | 0.080 | 9 | 0.211 | 0.38 [0.12, 1.23] |
| Strain | 5 | 0.100 | 8 | 0.188 | 0.53 [0.17, 1.62] |
| Open wound/laceration/cut | 3 | 0.060 | 4 | 0.094 | 0.64 [0.14, 2.85] |
| Bruise/contusion | 6 | 0.120 | 10 | 0.235 | 0.51 [0.19, 1.40] |
| Inflammation/swelling | 7 | 0.140 | 10 | 0.235 | 0.60 [0.23, 1.56] |
| Fracture (including suspected) | 3 | 0.060 | 9 | 0.211 | 0.28 [0.08, 1.05] |
| Dislocation/subluxation (including suspected) | 3 | 0.060 | 6 | 0.140 | 0.43 [0.11, 1.70] |
| Overuse injury to muscle or tendon | 5 | 0.100 | 16 | 0.375 | 0.27 [0.10, 0.73] |
| Blisters | 2 | 0.040 | 2 | 0.047 | 0.85 [0.12, 6.04] |
| Concussion | 0 | 0.000 | 2 | 0.047 | 0.17 [0.01, 3.54] |
| Mechanism of injury | |||||
| Contact | 26 | 0.519 | 44 | 1.032 | 0.50 [0.31, 0.82] |
| Noncontact | 12 | 0.239 | 26 | 0.61 | 0.39 [0.20, 0.78] |
| Overuse | 5 | 0.100 | 16 | 0.375 | 0.27 [0.10, 0.73] |
| Type of injury | |||||
| Initial | 41 | 0.818 | 81 | 1.901 | 0.43 [0.30, 0.63] |
| Recurrent | 2 | 0.04 | 5 | 0.117 | 0.34 [0.07, 1.75] |
| Provisional severity assessment (Time loss, days) | |||||
| Mild (1-7 days modified activity) | 23 | 0.459 | 47 | 1.103 | 0.42 [0.25, 0.69] |
| Moderate (8-21 days modified activity) | 17 | 0.339 | 30 | 0.704 | 0.48 [0.27, 0.87] |
| Severe (>21 days modified or lost) | 3 | 0.060 | 9 | 0.211 | 0.28 [0.08, 1.05] |
| All injuries | 43 | 0.858 | 86 | 2.018 | 0.43 [0.29, 0.61] |
Con, control group; Exp, experimental group; IRR, injury risk ratio.