Table 3.
Random effects meta-regression of relative contributions of regional variation in age, body mass index, deprivation, and non-white ethnicity on inter-regional differences in performance metrics after internal-external cross validation
| Performance metric and variables | Cox model | Competing risks model | XGBoost | Neural network | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | R2 (%) | I2 (%) | R2 (%) | I2 (%) | R2 (%) | I2 (%) | R2 (%) | ||||
| Harrell’s C index | |||||||||||
| Age (SD) | 43.06 | 0.00 | 41.45 | 9.54 | 17.64 | 0.00 | 43.68 | 8.05 | |||
| BMI (SD) | 45.72 | 0.00 | 47.96 | 0.00 | 16.78 | 0.00 | 49.16 | 0.00 | |||
| Mean Townsend deprivation score | 44.28 | 0.00 | 46.25 | 0.00 | 15.87 | 3.34 | 48.29 | 0.00 | |||
| Non-white ethnicity (%) | 45.47 | 0.00 | 42.34 | 11.02 | 17.65 | 0.00 | 25.67 | 61.11 | |||
| All 4 variables | 53.14 | 0.00 | 41.33 | 8.63 | 16.43 | 0.88 | 30.40 | 48.25 | |||
| Calibration slope | |||||||||||
| Age (SD) | 35.45 | 0.00 | 70.04 | 26.09 | 66.44 | 23.58 | 89.29 | 28.95 | |||
| BMI (SD) | 35.93 | 0.00 | 77.14 | 0.00 | 74.72 | 0.00 | 93.20 | 0.00 | |||
| Mean Townsend deprivation score | 35.90 | 0.00 | 73.63 | 12.05 | 72.33 | 0.00 | 93.16 | 0.00 | |||
| Non-white ethnicity (%) | 34.21 | 0.00 | 58.49 | 55.77 | 56.06 | 51.91 | 87.07 | 42.31 | |||
| All 4 variables | 42.35 | 0.00 | 56.68 | 60.08 | 50.18 | 61.97 | 67.78 | 80.06 | |||
BMI=body mass index; SD=standard deviation.
I2=residual heterogeneity; R2=amount of residual heterogeneity accounted for.