Table 2.

Specific protocol of telerehabilitation among the included studies.

Study	Medium	Program
Williams et al [28], 2010	Internet	Web-Enhanced Behavioral Self-management program: (1) educational lectures; (2) education, behavioral, and cognitive skills; and (3) behavioral and cognitive skills designed to facilitate adaptive lifestyle changes for managing fibromyalgia
Ang et al [27], 2010	Telephone	CBTa program: (1) time-contingent activity pacing; (2) pleasant activity scheduling; (3) relaxation; and (4) automatic thoughts and pain, cognitive restructuring, and stress management
Menga et al [29], 2014	Internet	CBT and interpersonal therapy: MoodGYMb contains 5 modules based on cognitive reconstructing, relaxation, pleasant events, assertiveness training, and problem-solving
Vallejo et al [30], 2015	Mobile app	Internet-CBT: (1) psychoeducation about fibromyalgia and pain; (2) progressive relaxation training; (3) emotional training; (4) daily activities; and (5) cognitive restructuring and managing
Friesen et al [31], 2017	Internet	Pain Course: (1) web-based lessons (images and text presented in slide show format); (2) lesson summaries (images and text similar to a self-help book) combined with homework assignments; and (3) additional resources
Hedman-Lagerlöf et al [32], 2018	Internet	Internet-based exposure therapy: (1) psychoeducation; (2) refraining from avoidance behaviors; (3) approaching situations or behaviors normally avoided; and (4) relapse prevention program
Molinari et al [20], 2018	Internet	The Best Possible Self: (1) write down and imagine their best possible self; (2) patients could choose images, sounds, and videos from the Book of Life database; and (3) received SMS per week with reminders to practice their exercise and reinforcements
Simister et al [33], 2018	Internet	Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy: (1) acceptance; (2) values clarification; (3) medications, sleep hygiene, strategies for fibro fog and memory, exercise, and effective communication; (4) cognitive defusion (or “You are not your thoughts!”); and (5) mindfulness and self-as-context
Lee et al [19], 2019	Wearable device and mobile app	Real-time pain monitoring system: the PAASc device is reporting the severity of pain levels
García-Perea et al [34], 2021	Mobile app	Web-based nursing consultation: (1) training on how to use the system and (2) provided with properly documented information based on available scientific information relating to their disorder (fibromyalgia) and their regular medication schemes, with fact sheets on the suitability, secondary effects, contraindications, and interactions of such medication
Yuan et al [21], 2021	Mobile app	Self-care in fibromyalgia management: (1) patient education through animation; (2) self-monitoring with the FIQd; (3) sleep strategies with guided imagery relaxation technique, stimulus control therapy, and sleep hygiene; (4) graded exercise program; (5) an eBook; and (6) hints
Serrat et al [35], 2021	Internet	FIBROWALK arm underwent a multicomponent strategy: (1) a link to a 60-min video (hosted on a private YouTube channel) was sent by email once a week for the following 11 weeks; (2) FIBROWALK virtual treatment (included PNEe, therapeutic physical exercise, self- management patient education, CBT techniques, and mindfulness training); and (3) homework exercises
Hernando-Garijo et al [18], 2021	Telephone	Telerehabilitation aerobic exercise program: (1) telerehabilitation sessions were based on low-impact rhythmic movements; (2) joint mobility exercises and active stretching; (3) the aerobic exercises were based on low-impact rhythmic movements guided by video; and (4) static stretching of the major muscles and breathing techniques
Serrat et al [36], 2022	Internet	The video-based FIBROWALK program: (1) a 60-min video; (2) FIBROWALK virtual treatment; and (3) homework exercises The video-based Multicomponent Physiotherapy Program: (1) 60-min video and (2) physiotherapy techniques (included PNE, therapeutic physical exercise, and self-management patient education)

^aCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.

^bMoodGYM: a free interactive web-based program [37].

^cPAAS: Pain Assessment and Analysis System.

^dFIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire.

^ePNE: Pain Neuroscience Education.