Table 1.
Descriptive patient statistics
| Patient characteristics | GOLD derivation dataset (n = 1 772 618), n (%)a | Aurum validation dataset (n = 3 805 322), n (%)a |
|---|---|---|
| Follow-up, years, median (IQR) | 6.4 (2.7–10.0) | 6.9 (2.8–10.0) |
|
| ||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 59.4 (13.2) | 58.6 (13.3) |
|
| ||
| Sex, female | 921 867 (52) | 1 959 472 (51) |
|
| ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 143.5 (11.9) | 143.8 (12.3) |
|
| ||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 83.8 (9.6) | 83.9 (9.8) |
|
| ||
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) | 5.3 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.2) |
| Missing | 868 468 (49) | 1 839 103 (48) |
|
| ||
| Body mass index | ||
| Underweight | 20 625 (1) | 39 987 (1) |
| Normal | 519 374 (29) | 1 033 529 (27) |
| Overweight | 586 325 (33) | 1 231 156 (32) |
| Obese | 340 241 (19) | 757 111 (20) |
| Morbidly obese | 39 831 (2) | 95 006 (2) |
| Missing | 266 222 (15) | 648 533 (17) |
|
| ||
| Ethnicity | ||
| White | 734 167 (41) | 2 041 469 (54) |
| Black | 10 799 (1) | 115 276 (3) |
| Asian (South) | 14 799 (1) | 94 483 (2) |
| Other | 15 732 (1) | 832 614 (22) |
|
| ||
| Deprivation score, IMD quintile | ||
| 1 | 420 765 (24) | 790 303 (21) |
| 2 | 406 779 (23) | 732 240 (19) |
| 3 | 376 770 (21) | 684 279 (18) |
| 4 | 313 605 (18) | 630 472 (17) |
| 5 | 254 699 (14) | 597 169 (16) |
| Missing | NA | 370 859 (10) |
|
| ||
| Smoking status | ||
| Non-smoker | 847 217 (48) | 1 475 689 (39) |
| Ex-smoker | 471 008 (27) | 1 236 048 (32) |
| Smoker | 363 443 (21) | 838 395 (22) |
| Missing | 90 950 (5) | 255 190 (7) |
|
| ||
| Electronic frailty index, continuous, median (IQR) | 0.03 (0 to 0.08) | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.08) |
|
| ||
| Alcoholb | ||
| Non-drinker | 289 472 (16) | 864 849 (23) |
| Trivial | 488 292 (28) | 998 943 (26) |
| Light | 239 734 (14) | 696 364 (18) |
| Moderate | 179 100 (10) | 246 466 (6) |
| Heavy | 22 763 (1) | 74 004 (2) |
| Unknown amount | 291 651 (16) | 237 458 (6) |
| Missing | 261 606 (15) | 687 238 (18) |
|
| ||
| Risk factors | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 37 385 (2) | 98 170 (3) |
| Hypotension/syncope | 68 517 (4) | 147 533 (4) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 343 677 (19) | 508 226 (13) |
| Diabetes | 137 763 (8) | 324 163 (9) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 51 378 (3) | 115 266 (3) |
|
| ||
| Antihypertensive medications | ||
| ACE Inhibitors | 219 514 (12) | 478 763 (13) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 59 077 (3) | 136 917 (4) |
| Alpha-blockers | 34 335 (2) | 68 129 (2) |
| Beta-blockers | 216 124 (12) | 461 318 (12) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 193 142 (11) | 426 141 (11) |
| Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics | 180 071 (10) | 397 971 (10) |
| Other antihypertensives | 10 785 (1) | 19 233 (1) |
| Any antihypertensive medication | 556 978 (31) | 1 261 268 (33) |
a
Unless otherwise stated.
b
Non drinker (0 units per day), trivial drinker (<1 unit per day), light (1–2 units per day), moderate (2–6 units per day), and heavy (>6 units per day). ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. IQR = interquartile range. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. NA = not applicable. SD = standard deviation.