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. 2023 May 9;23:161. doi: 10.1186/s12890-023-02465-w

Table 5.

Pneumothorax rate in subgroups of interest

Predictor Pneumothorax Rate P-Value
Operator and study site detail
 Operator specialty
  Interventional pulmonologist 9/226 (4.0%) 0.0113
  Thoracic surgeon 6/38 (15.8%)
  ≤ 5th case for operator
  No 13/242 (5.4%) 0.3609
  Yes 2/22 (9.1%)
 Setting
  Inpatient 2/17 (11.8%) 0.2499
  Outpatient 13/247 (5.3%)
Patient Characteristics
 Age ≥ 65
  No 3/86 (3.5%) 0.3986
  Yes 12/178 (6.7%)
 Sex
  Female 10/150 (6.7%) 0.5932
  Male 5/114 (4.4%)
 Smoking status
  Current smoker 5/72 (6.9%) 0.8992
  Never smoked 3/65 (4.6%)
  Prior smoker 7/125 (5.6%)
  Unknown/missing 0/2 (0%)
 Emphysema
  No 8/150 (5.3%) 0.7943
  Yes 7/114 (6.1%)
 COPD
  No 7/128 (5.5%) 1.0000
  Yes 8/136 (5.9%)
 Pre-procedure probability of malignancya ≥ 65%
  No 5/131 (3.8%) 0.2749
  Yes 9/122 (7.4%)
Lesion detail
 Primary lesion solidity
  Pure ground glass 1/13 (7.7%) 0.1570
  Semi-solid 5/46 (10.9%)
  Solid 9/205 (4.4%)
 Primary lesion location
  Proximal third 2/27 (7.4%) 0.0085
  Middle 0/81 (0%)
  Peripheral (outer third of the lung) 13/155 (8.4%)
 Primary lesion lobe location
  Left lower lobe 1/34 (2.9%) 0.7230
  Left upper lobe 6/79 (7.6%)
  Right lower lobe 4/52 (7.7%)
  Right middle lobe 1/17 (5.9%)
  Right upper lobe 3/82 (3.7%)
 Primary lesion bronchus sign
  No 15/181 (8.3%) 0.0067
  Yes 0/78 (0%)
 Distance from lesion to pleura, mm
  0 6/57 (10.5%) 0.5044
   < 10 2/36 (5.6%)
   ≥ 10 7/117 (6.0%)
 Primary lesion sizeb < 20 mm
  No 6/127 (4.7%) 0.6006
  Yes 9/137 (6.6%)
Procedural details
 Biopsy of multiple lesions
  No 13/221 (5.9%) 1.0000
  Yes 2/43 (4.7%)
 R-EBUS image type
  Concentric 5/79 (6.3%) 1.0000
  Eccentric 5/86 (5.8%)
 ROSE used
  No 9/92 (9.8%) 0.0492
  Yes 6/172 (3.5%)
 Monarch Platform software version
  2.1.3 7/55 (12.7%) 0.0891
  2.1.4 3/53 (5.7%)
  2.1.5 3/73 (4.1%)
  2.1.6 2/83 (2.4%)
 Biopsy forceps used
  No 5/77 (6.5%) 0.7716
  Yes 10/187 (5.3%)
 Cytology brush used
  No 15/219 (6.8%) 0.0820
  Yes 0/45 (0%)
 Aspiration needle used
  No 1/9 (11.1%) 0.4143
  Yes 14/255 (5.5%)

COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, R-EBUS Radial endobronchial ultrasound, ROSE Rapid onsite evaluation

aCalculated using an adapted Mayo Clinic model

bSize was calculated as the mean of the long and short axes dimensions when both were reported and as the long axis dimension otherwise