Table 5.
Predictor | Pneumothorax Rate | P-Value |
---|---|---|
Operator and study site detail | ||
Operator specialty | ||
Interventional pulmonologist | 9/226 (4.0%) | 0.0113 |
Thoracic surgeon | 6/38 (15.8%) | |
≤ 5th case for operator | ||
No | 13/242 (5.4%) | 0.3609 |
Yes | 2/22 (9.1%) | |
Setting | ||
Inpatient | 2/17 (11.8%) | 0.2499 |
Outpatient | 13/247 (5.3%) | |
Patient Characteristics | ||
Age ≥ 65 | ||
No | 3/86 (3.5%) | 0.3986 |
Yes | 12/178 (6.7%) | |
Sex | ||
Female | 10/150 (6.7%) | 0.5932 |
Male | 5/114 (4.4%) | |
Smoking status | ||
Current smoker | 5/72 (6.9%) | 0.8992 |
Never smoked | 3/65 (4.6%) | |
Prior smoker | 7/125 (5.6%) | |
Unknown/missing | 0/2 (0%) | |
Emphysema | ||
No | 8/150 (5.3%) | 0.7943 |
Yes | 7/114 (6.1%) | |
COPD | ||
No | 7/128 (5.5%) | 1.0000 |
Yes | 8/136 (5.9%) | |
Pre-procedure probability of malignancya ≥ 65% | ||
No | 5/131 (3.8%) | 0.2749 |
Yes | 9/122 (7.4%) | |
Lesion detail | ||
Primary lesion solidity | ||
Pure ground glass | 1/13 (7.7%) | 0.1570 |
Semi-solid | 5/46 (10.9%) | |
Solid | 9/205 (4.4%) | |
Primary lesion location | ||
Proximal third | 2/27 (7.4%) | 0.0085 |
Middle | 0/81 (0%) | |
Peripheral (outer third of the lung) | 13/155 (8.4%) | |
Primary lesion lobe location | ||
Left lower lobe | 1/34 (2.9%) | 0.7230 |
Left upper lobe | 6/79 (7.6%) | |
Right lower lobe | 4/52 (7.7%) | |
Right middle lobe | 1/17 (5.9%) | |
Right upper lobe | 3/82 (3.7%) | |
Primary lesion bronchus sign | ||
No | 15/181 (8.3%) | 0.0067 |
Yes | 0/78 (0%) | |
Distance from lesion to pleura, mm | ||
0 | 6/57 (10.5%) | 0.5044 |
< 10 | 2/36 (5.6%) | |
≥ 10 | 7/117 (6.0%) | |
Primary lesion sizeb < 20 mm | ||
No | 6/127 (4.7%) | 0.6006 |
Yes | 9/137 (6.6%) | |
Procedural details | ||
Biopsy of multiple lesions | ||
No | 13/221 (5.9%) | 1.0000 |
Yes | 2/43 (4.7%) | |
R-EBUS image type | ||
Concentric | 5/79 (6.3%) | 1.0000 |
Eccentric | 5/86 (5.8%) | |
ROSE used | ||
No | 9/92 (9.8%) | 0.0492 |
Yes | 6/172 (3.5%) | |
Monarch Platform software version | ||
2.1.3 | 7/55 (12.7%) | 0.0891 |
2.1.4 | 3/53 (5.7%) | |
2.1.5 | 3/73 (4.1%) | |
2.1.6 | 2/83 (2.4%) | |
Biopsy forceps used | ||
No | 5/77 (6.5%) | 0.7716 |
Yes | 10/187 (5.3%) | |
Cytology brush used | ||
No | 15/219 (6.8%) | 0.0820 |
Yes | 0/45 (0%) | |
Aspiration needle used | ||
No | 1/9 (11.1%) | 0.4143 |
Yes | 14/255 (5.5%) |
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, R-EBUS Radial endobronchial ultrasound, ROSE Rapid onsite evaluation
aCalculated using an adapted Mayo Clinic model
bSize was calculated as the mean of the long and short axes dimensions when both were reported and as the long axis dimension otherwise