Table 3.
Demographic and clinical characteristics at the index visit. Continuous data are expressed as median (25th – 75th percentile), while categorical data are expressed as N(%)
| Parameter | Overall | Dysglycaemia at index visit | Metabolic syndrome at index visit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 268) |
Yes (n = 61) |
P value | No (n = 249) |
Yes (n = 80) |
P value | ||
| Age (years) |
32 (28.5–35.5) |
32 (29–35) |
33 (28–36) |
0.306 |
32 (29–35) |
33 (28–36) |
0.398 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
22.8 (20.7–26.8) |
22.5 (20.3–25.4) |
28.3 (24.0–30.8) |
< 0.001* |
22.1 (20.0–24.2) |
29.3 (26.9–34.0) |
< 0.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
77.3 (71.0–85.8) |
76 (71–83) |
89 (78–94) |
< 0.001* |
75 (70–80) |
91 (86–99) |
< 0.001* |
| Total testosterone (nmol/L) |
1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
0.038* |
1.2 (0.8–1.6) |
1.4 (0.9–1.8) |
0.022* |
| SHBG |
36 (22–52) |
40 (27–55) |
21 (15–32) |
< 0.001* |
42 (30- − 58) |
19 (13–28) |
< 0.001* |
| Free androgen index |
3.3 (1.8–6.0) |
3.0 (1.7–5.5) |
5.9 (3.2–14.2) |
< 0.001* |
2.6 (1.6–4.7) |
7.0 (4.3–12.9) |
< 0.001* |
| Fasting glucose (nmol/L) |
4.7 (4.4–4.9) |
4.6 (4.4–4.9) |
5.2 (4.6–5.8) |
< 0.001* |
4.6 (4.4. – 4.8) |
5.0 (4.6–5.5) |
< 0.001* |
| 2-Hour glucose (nmol/L) |
5.1 (4.5–6.4) |
4.8 (4.4–5.6) |
7.8 (6.6–9.6) |
< 0.001* |
4.9 (4.3–5.6) |
6.6 (5.1–8.3) |
< 0.001* |
| HOMA-IR |
1.5 (1.0–2.4) |
1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
3.1 (1.5–5.6) |
< 0.001* |
1.2 (0.9–1.8) |
3.3 (2.0–5.3) |
< 0.001* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) |
114 (105–127) |
111 (104–122) |
126 (113–134) |
< 0.001* |
110 (103–121) |
129 (116–138) |
< 0.001* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg) |
67 (61–75) |
66 (60–73) |
76 (65–80) |
< 0.001* |
65 (59–71) |
76 (69–83) |
< 0.001* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
4.5 (4.0-5.1) |
4.5 (4.0–5.1) |
4.6 (4.2–5.2) |
0.063 |
4.5 (4.0–5.0) |
4.9 (4.2–5.3) |
0.002* |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.4 (1.2–1.7) |
1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
1.2 (1.0–1.5) |
< 0.001* |
1.5 (1.3–1.8) |
1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
< 0.001* |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) |
2.6 (2.2–3.0) |
2.6 (2.1–3.0) |
2.7 (2.4–3.3) |
0.020* |
2.6 (2.1–2.9) |
2.9 (2.6–3.5) |
< 0.001* |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
1.2 (0.9–1.7) |
< 0.001* |
0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
1.5 (1.0–2.1) |
< 0.001* |
| AGEs (µg/ml) |
14.8 (10.7–19.5) |
14.6 (10.3–19.4) |
15.3 (11.2–21.3) |
0.260 |
14.6 (10.3–19.2) |
15.8 (11.5–20.7) |
0.190 |
| sRAGE (pg/ml) |
595.7 (471.3–796.3) |
615.7 (492.5–821.0) |
493.4 (401.2–658.6) |
< 0.001* |
650.3 (532.1–834.9) |
463.7 (393.0–560.6) |
< 0.001* |
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05)