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. 2023 May 10;42:118. doi: 10.1186/s13046-023-02686-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — PL prominently improves TMZ and surgery/TMZ efficacy in G422^TN-mice. A Schematic diagram depicting the Piperlongumine (PL), TMZ chemotherapy (TMZ), or their combined regimen started on day 7 p.i. PL, 10 doses of PL with once oral gavage of 5 µg/g. B and C The Kaplan-Meier survivals and body weight changes of the G422^TN-mice with PL, TMZ, or TMZ/PL treatment started on day 7 p.i. (n = 8/group). D and E Representative bioluminescent images and statistical analysis of the ROI values of the intracranial tumors monitored on day 18 p.i. (n = 8/group). F Schematic diagram of the surgery, PL, TMZ chemotherapy (TMZ), or their combined regimen started on day 7–8 p.i.G and H The Kaplan-Meier survivals and body weight changes of the G422^TN-mice with surgery, PL, TMZ, or their combined regimen started on day 7–8 p.i. (n = 8–10/group). (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001)