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. 2023 Feb 18;65(5):e283–e289. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002811

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Copyright © 2023 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Interactive effects of COVID-19–related medical vulnerability and first responder status on anxiety and depression symptom severity and alcohol use severity. ––– = non-EMS role; - - - - = EMS role. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; EMS, emergency medical services.