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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2021 Feb 4;475:245–255. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.018

Figure 2. Glucose metabolism in differentiated versus tumor and stem cells.

Figure 2.

(A) Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the default cellular respiration mechanism for somatic cells under aerobic conditions. It results in 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. In the absence of oxygen, these cells engage in glycolysis to produce only 4 molecules of ATP. (B) Cancer and stem cell populations like the neural crest are highly glycolytic, even in the presence of oxygen. These cells display a metabolic adaptation known as the Warburg Effect and produce approximately 4 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.