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. 2023 May 12;132(10):1302–1319. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.321878

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© 2023 The Authors.

Circulation Research is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 2. — Similarity in histological staining ratio for macrophages and T cells during COVID-19 myocarditis and vaccination versus pre-COVID myocarditis in humans and mice. Representative immunohistochemistry staining of myocardium in both human and mouse samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining shows inflammatory foci. Species-specific markers for macrophages (CD63+ human, CD11b+ mouse) and T cells (CD3+) show immune cell composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. Human scale bars, 100 µm; mouse scale bars, 200 µm.