TABLE 2.
Bioactive components of buckwheat
| Class | Types | Examples | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Bioactive peptides | Antimicrobial peptides | Fa‐AMP1 | Fujimura et al. (2003) |
| BWI‐1 | Belozersky et al. (1995) | ||
| BWI‐2c | Oparin et al. (2012) | ||
| FtTI | Ruan et al. (2011) | ||
| Trypsin inhibitors | BWI‐1 | Begemann et al. (2021) | |
| BTI‐1 | Oparin et al. (2012) | ||
| BWI‐2a | Belozersky et al. (1995) | ||
| BWI‐2b | Dunaevsky et al. (2004) | ||
| BWI‐2c | Ruan et al. (2011) | ||
| BWI‐4a | |||
| BWI‐4c | |||
| FtTI | |||
| Antitumor proteins | rBT1 | Li et al. (2009) | |
| BWI‐1 & BWI‐2a | Park and Ohba (2004) | ||
| TBWSP31 | Guo et al. (2011) | ||
| Hypotensive peptides | ACE inhibitory peptides (FY, AY, LF, YV, VK, YQ, YQY, PSY, LGI, ITF, and INSQ). | Li et al. (2002) | |
| BPL peptides (DVWY, FDART, FQ, VAE, VVG, and WTFR) | Koyam et al. (2013) | ||
| Antidiabetic peptides | Antioxidant proteins (WPL, VPW, VFPW, and PW) | Ma et al. (2006) | |
| 2. Flavonoids | Rutin, orientin, vitexin, quercetin, isovitexin, and isoorientin | Lee et al. (2012) | |
| 3. Polyphenol compounds | Fagopyrins | Ahmed et al. (2014) | |
| Phenolic acids (p‐hydroxybenzoic, ferulic, protocatechuic, p‐coumaric, gallic, caffeic, vanillic, chlorogenic, syringic, and salicylic acids). | Guo et al., 2011), Sytar (2015) | ||
| 4. Carbohydrates | Fagopyritols (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3) | Steadman et al. (2000) | |
| 5. Imino sugars | d‐fagomine | Amezqueta et al. (2012) | |
Abbreviations: AC, angiotensin I‐converting enzyme; BP, blood pressure lowering.