This work is licensed under a Table 1.
Demographic and clinical features of participants with and without apraxia of speech (AOS) and the total study cohort.
| Variable a | AOS absent (n = 188) | AOS present (n = 120) |
Total cohort (n = 308) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 69 (63, 74) | 71 (63, 76) | 70 (63, 75) |
| Sex | |||
| F | 96 (51%) | 63 (52%) | 159 (52%) |
| M | 92 (49%) | 57 (48%) | 149 (48%) |
| Handedness (R) | 157 (86%) | 107 (91%) | 264 (88%) |
| Race (White) b | 180 (96%) | 116 (97%) | 296 (96%) |
| Ethnicity (not Hispanic or Latino) | 187 (99%) | 119 (99%) | 306 (99%) |
| Years from onset | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) |
| ASRS Total score (0 = no abnormalities) | 2 (0, 5) | 16 (12, 23) | 6 (2, 14) |
| AOS severity (1–4; 4 = severe) | NA | 2 (1, 2) | NA |
| AOS predominant subtype | |||
| Phonetic | NA | 49 (41%) | NA |
| Prosodic | NA | 44 (37%) | NA |
| Mixed | NA | 27 (22%) | NA |
| Dysarthria present c | 68 (36%) | 37 (31%) | 105 (34%) |
| Dysarthria severity (1–4; 4 = severe) | 2 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) |
| MSDSR (1–10; 10 = no impairment) | 10 (8, 10) | 6 (5, 7) | 8 (6, 10) |
| Articulatory Error Score (AES; % errors) | 9 (4, 26) | 25 (11, 48) | 16 (7, 41) |
| Aphasia present | 103 (55%) | 59 (49%) | 162 (53%) |
| Aphasia severity | 2 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 2) |
| WAB aphasia quotient | 86 (78, 93) | 96 (87, 98) | 92 (83, 96) |
| Neurologic diagnosis | |||
| PPAOS (i.e., no aphasia) | NA | 46 (38%) | 46 (15%) |
| PPA, agrammatic + AOS | 0 (0%) | 58 (48%) | 58 (19%) |
| PPA, agrammatic, no AOS | 8 (4%) | NA | 8 (3%) |
| PPA, logopenic | 51 (27%) | 0 (0%) | 51 (17%) |
| PPA, semantic | 23 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 23 (7%) |
| PPA - Other d | 17 (9%) | 1 (1%) | 18 (6%) |
| Other e | 10 (5%) | 9 (8%) | 19 (6%) |
| PSP | 79 (42%) | 6 (5%) | 85 (28%) |
Note. Data are n (%) or median (interquartile range, Q1, Q3). F = female; M = male; ASRS = Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale; NA = not applicable; MSDSR = Motor Speech Disorders Severity Rating; WAB = Western Aphasia Battery; PPAOS = primary progressive apraxia of speech; PPA = primary progressive aphasia; PSP = progressive supranuclear palsy.
Data were missing (n) for the following variables: handedness (8); race (1); years from onset (8); MSDSR (3). In the PSP Group, the WAB AQ and AES were rarely obtained. For those in the PSP Group for whom there was no complaint, suspicion, or informal observational evidence of aphasia (most of the group), aphasia was imputed as not present for the purpose of data analysis.
Non-White participants included American Indian/Alaska native, Asian Indian, Middle Eastern, Asian Chinese, and Asian Middle Eastern.
Hypokinetic, spastic, and mixed hypokinetic–spastic dysarthria accounted for > 90% of dysarthria types in the total cohort.
PPA not clearly meeting criteria for a single primary PPA variant.
Includes conditions such as corticobasal syndrome, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, posterior cerebral atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies, possible PPAOS, AOS + other neurological symptoms, functional neurological disorder, no neurological disorder, and diagnosis not yet determined.