Table 4.

What strategies and activities do speech-language pathologists advise caregivers to use during their early intervention sessions?

Code	Number of sessions (%)
Developmental strategies	12 (48%)
Model salient language	8 (32%)
Follow the child's lead	7 (28%)
Play expansions	5 (20%)
Take conversational turns	3 (12%)
Label own action	3 (12%)
Mirroring and mapping	3 (12%)
Reduced length of utterance	2 (8%)
Reduce questions	2 (8%)
Notice and respond to communication	1 (4%)
Behavioral strategies	10 (40%)
Time delay	7 (28%)
Prompt	5 (20%)
Environmental arrangement	3 (12%)
Offer choices	1 (4%)
Communication supports	13 (52%)
Visual/tactile/nonverbal cues	8 (32%)
Model specific word/word types	7 (28%)
Use sign language	3 (12%)
Pause to give child processing time	2 (8%)
Use PECS	2 (8%)
Emotional/sensory regulation, challenging behavior	8 (32%)
Use sensory activities	6 (24%)
Small, contained spaces	3 (12%)
Give child space/time alone	2 (8%)
Use specific toys/activities of interest	1 (4%)
Identify antecedents of behavior	1 (4%)
Sibling interaction strategies	3 (12%)
Find activities both siblings enjoy	2 (8%)
Model language for target child	2 (8%)
Model language for sibling	2 (8%)
Other sibling strategy	2 (8%)
Other strategies	7 (28%)

Note. N = 25 sessions. PECS = Picture Exchange Communication System.