Table 6.

Comparison of meta-analyses

Meta-analysis/characteristics	Lomas et al. (2019)	Bartlett et al. (2019)	Vonderlin et al. (2020)	Present meta-analysis
Inclusion restrictions	• RCTs • “all forms of MBI” • professional populations • published (or in press) in English in a peer-reviewed academic journal • before January 2016	• RCTs • interventions “explicitly described as mindfulness programs” • organized by employers and delivered for staff within the work context • published in English before May 2016	• RCTs • “any type of mindfulness/meditation-based intervention with at least 2 h of training and with mindfulness elements constituting at least 50% of the program” • sample of healthy adults (age 18-65 years) with close to full-time employment (> 30 h/week) • programs offered at the workplace or initiated by the employer • published in English before Nov 2018	• RCTs • Interventions described as promoting mindfulness and/or awareness of bodily sensations, affect, or thoughts • offered in the workplace or initiated by the employing organization • working adults are the target population • published in peer-reviewed journals in English or German between 2005 and Nov 2019
Number of studies included in meta-analysis	35	23	53	91
Outcomes analyzed	Anxiety, Burnout, Depression, Distress and anger, Stress and strain, Compassion and empathy, Emotion regulation, Job performance (Efficacy), Mindfulness and awareness, Physical health (physical activity and sleep quality), positive well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect and resilience)	Mindfulness, Stress, Mental health (Psychological Distress, Depression, Anxiety, Burnout), Well-being (general Well-being, Sleep problems, and Work performance	Mindfulness, Mental well-being (Well-being and life Satisfaction, Compassion), Stress and Health Impairment (Stress, Subsyndromal Symptoms, Burnout, Somatization and physical illness), Work-related outcomes (Work Engagement, Productivity, Job Satisfaction), Resilience	Mindfulness, Well-being (Life satisfaction, Relaxation, Self-compassion, Subjective well-being, Self-efficacy), Mental health (Affect, Anxiety, Burnout, Depression, Psychological Inflexibility, Sleep, Subj. psychological health), Stress, Resilience, Physical health (Blood pressure, Heart rate, Heart rate variability, Pain, Subj. physical health), Work-related factors (Absenteeism, Job satisfaction, Productivity, Work engagement)
Moderators analyzed	MBSR (versus other interventions), the use of retreatments, region (North America versus the rest of the world), type of sample (students versus professionals), year of study, length of intervention, mean age of participants, percentage of women, QATQS score	Delivery mode (weekly f2f vs other format), Does contact time (class hours up to 7 vs. 8 or more; weeks up to 7 vs. 8 or more), Does homework (up to 10 min vs. 10 or more minutes), Content (stress physiology included vs. not included, mindfulness theory included vs. not included, movement/yoga included vs. not included, Micropractice included vs. not included), Industry (human services vs. other)	Hours of attendance, Gender, Occupational profession, Participants’ level of education, work experience, age of participants, type of program, time span in weeks, method and location of delivery, recommended hours of practice at home, type of control group, ITT samples, or publication date	Intervention type (ACT modified, Breathing, MBSR, MBSR modified, Meditation, Mindfulness, Movement, Multimodal), Intervention characteristics (Type of control group, Weeks of practice, Homework, In-class, Online, One-on-one, Additional material), Population characteristics (Share female, Mean age), Study quality, measurement instrument