Table 2. The overview for management of DME.

Condition	Treatment options
Central involved DME with vision impairment (6/9 or worse)	In the ideal situation, authorized anti-VEGF with proven efficacy and safety is used.
	Steroid implant.
	Focused/grid laser is the next step if anti-VEGF or steroids are not an option.
DME with central involvement and excellent vision (VA greater than 6/9), (three alternatives currently, with community consensus on the best management)	If DME continues, observation until visual deterioration, followed by either focal/grid laser or anti-VEGF treatment.
	Focal/grid laser up to a loss of vision, followed by anti-VEGF treatment if DME continues.
Non-central involved DME	Observation until central-involved DME, then check the Focal/grid laser in selected cases where observation is judged to be inferior, such as in pregnancy or rapidly worsening cataract, or when macula edema rapidly extending towards the center of the macula

DME: Diabetic macular edema; VA: Visual acuity; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.