Table 1.
Univariate analysis of the risk factors for major depression and major anxiety of Chinese medical residents.
| Variables | Total | Major depression | No major depression | P | Major anxiety | No major anxiety | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants | 1,338 (100) | 173 (12.93) | 1,165 (87.07) | 133 (9.94) | 1,205 (90.06) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (years) | 26.00 (24.00, 27.00) | 25.00 (25.00, 27.00) | 26.00 (24.00, 27.00) | 0.857 | 25.00 (24.00, 27.00) | 26.00 (24.00, 27.00) | 0.053 |
| Gender (male vs.female) | 426 (31.80)/912 (68.20) | 53 (30.60)/120 (69.40) | 373 (32.00)/792 (68.00) | 0.716 | 40 (30.10)/93 (69.90) | 386 (32.00)/819 (68.00) | 0.646 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.48 (19.71, 23.89) | 22.34 (19.98, 24.22) | 21.48 (19.68, 23.88) | 0.037 | 22.19 (19.98, 23.84) | 21.48 (19.65, 23.89) | 0.607 |
| Dietary habits | |||||||
| Smoking habit | 0.849 | 0.273 | |||||
| Current | 52 (3.90) | 7 (4.00) | 45 (3.90) | 5 (3.80) | 47 (3.90) | ||
| Never | 1,254 (93.70) | 161 (93.10) | 1,093 (93.80) | 122 (91.70) | 1,132 (93.90) | ||
| Former | 32 (2.40) | 5 (2.90) | 27 (2.30) | 6 (4.50) | 26 (2.20) | ||
| Alcohol habit | 0.328 | 0.874 | |||||
| Current | 678 (50.70) | 96 (55.50) | 582 (50.00) | 69 (51.90) | 609 (50.50) | ||
| Never | 645 (48.20) | 73 (42.20) | 572 (49.10) | 60 (45.10) | 585 (48.50) | ||
| Former | 15 (1.10) | 4 (2.30) | 11 (0.90) | 4 (3.00) | 11 (0.90) | ||
| Coffee habit | 0.457 | 0.900 | |||||
| Current | 987 (73.80) | 132 (76.30) | 855 (73.40) | 98 (73.70) | 889 (73.80) | ||
| Never | 292(21.80) | 34 (19.70) | 258 (22.10) | 30 (22.60) | 262 (21.70) | ||
| Former | 59 (4.40) | 7 (4.00) | 52 (4.50) | 5 (3.80) | 54 (4.50) | ||
| Life related factors | |||||||
| Sleep quality (PSQI scores) | 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) | 7.00 (6.00, 10.00) | 5.00 (3.00, 6.00) | < 0.001 | 8.00 (6.00, 10.00) | 5.00 (3.00, 6.00) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity (IPAQ Mets × hour/week) | 16.00 (9.90, 33.55) | 13.20(9.70, 26.33) | 16.00 (10.10, 33.63) | 0.586 | 13.70 (9.70, 32.20) | 16.00 (9.95, 33.55) | 0.159 |
| Have religions (yes) | 51 (3.80) | 12 (6.90) | 39 (3.30) | 0.024 | 13 (9.80) | 38 (3.20) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | 0.512 | 0.422 | |||||
| Single/divorce/separation/widow | 1,146 (85.70) | 151 (87.30) | 995 (85.40) | 117 (88.00) | 1,029 (85.40) | ||
| Married/cohabitation | 192 (14.30) | 22 (12.70) | 170 (14.60) | 16 (12.00) | 176 (14.60) | ||
| Have siblings (yes) | 99 (7.40) | 10 (5.80) | 89 (7.60) | 0.385 | 7 (5.30) | 92 (7.60) | 0.324 |
| Household income (Yuan/month) | 0.159 | 0.468 | |||||
| < 5,000 | 118 (8.80) | 19 (11.00) | 99 (8.50) | 14 (10.50) | 104 (8.60) | ||
| ≧5,000, <10,000 | 266 (19.90) | 38 (22.00) | 228 (19.60) | 27 (20.30) | 239 (19.80) | ||
| ≧10,000 | 954 (71.30) | 116 (67.10) | 838 (71.90) | 92 (69.20) | 862 (71.50) | ||
| Experienced major events (yes) | 397 (29.70) | 74 (42.80) | 323 (27.70) | < 0.001 | 56 (42.10) | 341 (28.30) | 0.001 |
| History of chronic disease (yes) | 129 (9.60) | 30 (17.30) | 99 (8.50) | < 0.001 | 26 (19.50) | 103 (8.50) | < 0.001 |
| Work related factors | |||||||
| Post graduation year | 0.762 | 0.557 | |||||
| PGY1 | 402 (30.00) | 48 (27.70) | 354 (30.40) | 42 (31.60) | 360 (29.90) | ||
| PGY2 | 472 (35.30) | 66 (38.20) | 406 (34.80) | 48 (36.10) | 424 (35.20) | ||
| PGY3 | 464 (34.70) | 59 (34.10) | 405 (34.80) | 43 (32.30) | 421 (34.90) | ||
| Speciality | 0.231 | 0.949 | |||||
| Surgery | 263 (19.70) | 35 (20.20) | 228 (19.60) | 26 (19.50) | 237 (19.70) | ||
| Internal medicine and others | 911 (68.10) | 111 (64.20) | 800 (68.70) | 91 (68.40) | 820 (68.00) | ||
| Obstetrics and Gynecology | 90 (6.70) | 12 (6.90) | 78 (6.70) | 8 (6.00) | 82 (6.80) | ||
| Pediatrics | 74 (5.50) | 15 (8.70) | 59 (5.10) | 8 (6.00) | 66 (5.50) | ||
| Working duration (hours/week) | 0.001 | 0.132 | |||||
| ≤ 40 hours | 353 (26.40) | 35 (20.20) | 318 (27.30) | 25 (18.80) | 328 (27.20) | ||
| 41-60 hours | 583 (43.60) | 64 (37.00) | 519 (44.50) | 56 (42.10) | 527 (43.70) | ||
| ≥ 61 hours | 402 (30.00) | 74 (42.80) | 328 (28.20) | 52 (39.10) | 350 (29.00) | ||
| Night shifts (times/month) | 4.00 (0.00, 7.00) | 4.00 (0.00. 8.00) | 4.00 (0.00. 6.00) | 0.002 | 4.00 (0.00. 8.00) | 4.00 (0.00. 6.00) | 0.011 |
| Psychological characteristics | |||||||
| POS (scores) | 43.00 (37.00, 49.00) | 38.00 (31.00, 43.00) | 43.00 (38.00, 49.00) | < 0.001 | 39.00 (32.00, 44.50) | 43.00 (37.00, 49.00) | < 0.001 |
| Loneliness (yes) | 327 (24.40) | 102 (59.00) | 225 (19.30) | < 0.001 | 78 (58.60) | 249 (20.70) | < 0.001 |
| Social isolation (yes) | 596 (44.50) | 129 (74.60) | 467 (40.10) | < 0.001 | 103 (77.40) | 493 (40.90) | < 0.001 |
Continuous variables were expressed as median (interquartile range); categorical variables were reported as number (percentage). To compare the means of two continuous normally distributed variables, the independent-samples Student's t-test was utilized. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare two continuous non-normally distributed variables. Categorical variable was provided as number (percentage). The chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were employed to compare categorical variables.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; PGY, Post graduation year; POS, Perceived Organization Support.