Figure 1. Guideline-directed medical therapy adherence in real-world practice.

ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI = angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor; BB = beta-blocker; CHAMP = Change the Management of Patients; ESC = European Society of Cardiology; EVITA-HF = Evidence Based Treatment - Heart Failure; EVOLUTION-HF = Utilization of Dapagliflozin and Other Guideline Directed Medical Therapies in Heart Failure Patients; HF = heart failure; MRA = mineralocorticoid antagonist; OPTIMIZE-HF = Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure; SGLT2I = sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; STRONG-HF = Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Rapid Optimization, Helped by NT-proBNP Testing, of Heart Failure Therapies; QUALIFY = Quality of Adherence to guideline recommendations for LIFe-saving treatment in heart failure surveY.

^*In-patients trial; ^†Multinational study; ^‡Prospective randomized trial.