TABLE 1.
Baseline clinical variables
| Variable | Ketamine (n = 21) | Fentanyl (n = 24) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60 (±17) | 65 (±14) |
| Male sex (n) | 10 | 13 |
| COPD (n) | 16 | 18 |
| Class IV COPD (n) | 8 | 7 |
| Asthma (n) | 7 | 6 |
| Active tobaccoism (n) | 16 | 11 |
| Chronic heart failure (n) | 2 | 3 |
| Cirrhosis (n) | 0 | 2 |
| Tuberculosis (n) | 2 | 0 |
| Acute pulmonary embolism (n) | 1 | 0 |
| Solid neoplasm (n) | 1 | 3 |
| Chronic kidney disease (n) | 0 | 1 |
| HIV infection (n) | 1 | 1 |
| Ambulatorial oxygen therapy (n) | 1 | 3 |
| Ambulatorial corticosteroid use (n) | 11 | 13 |
| SAPS 3 score (points) | 68 (± 13) | 71 (± 19) |
| Inhaled β-2 agonist dose, 24 h pre-randomisation (μg) | 800 (± 1200) | 1200 (± 1400) |
| IV salbutamol 24 h pre-randomisation (n) | 10 | 9 |
| IV salbutamol 24 h pre-randomisation (n) | 22 (8.25) | 24 (10.5) |
| Rsmax pre-randomization (cm H2O L−1 s−1) | 23 (14.5) | 21 (11) |
| Rsmax 3 h (cm HO L−1 s−1) | 18.5 (14.25) | 20.2 (8.5) |
| Rsmax 24 h (cm H2O L−1 s−1) | 5.5 (7.25) | 5 (6) |
| PEEPi pre-randomisation (cm H2O) | 7 (8) | 5 (7.5) |
| PEEPi 3 h (cm H2O) | 5 (4.75) | 6 (6.5) |
| PEEPi 24 h (cm H2O) | 17 (10.75) | 16 (9) |
| Cdyn pre-randomisation (mL cm H2O−1) | 16 (7.75) | 16 (7) |
| Cdyn 3 h (mL cm H2O−1) | 17 (10.5) | 16 (7) |
| Cdyn 24 h (mL cm H2O−1) | 17 (10.5) | 16 (7) |