Table 3.

Regression Model Rate Ratio Results for Each Cadence and Gait Predictor of Falls Per Year

	Main Sample* (N = 394)				Expanded Sample† (N = 432)
	Unadjusted		Adjusted‡		Unadjusted		Adjusted‡
Cadence (free-living)	0.897		0.868		0.883		0.868
95% CI (p value)	0.789, 1.016 (.078)		0.755, 0.994 (.036*)		0.784, 0.992 (.031*)		0.763, 0.985 (.025*)
Cadence (6-minute walk)	0.945		0.929		—		—
95% CI (p value)	0.843, 1.058 (.310)		0.822, 1.048 (.216)
Usual gait speed (SPPB)	0.972		0.968		0.958		0.95
95% CI (p value)	0.918, 1.029 (.334)		0.909, 1.031 (.326)		0.908, 1.010 (.120)		0.896, 1.007 (.094)
Gait speed (6-minute walk)	0.958		0.953		—		—
95% CI (p value)	0.903, 1.016 (.153)		0.889, 1.022 (.173)
6-minute walk distance	0.988		0.987		—		—
95% CI (p value)	0.973, 1.004 (.152)		0.968, 1.005 (.161)
	Cadence (free-living) ≥100 steps/min (N = 252)		Cadence (free-living) <100 steps/min (N = 142)		Cadence (free-living) ≥100 steps/min (N = 278)		Cadence (free-living) <100 steps/min (N = 154)
	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡
Cadence (free-living)	0.738	0.723	0.867	0.795	0.756	0.746	0.877	0.833
95% CI (p value)	0.577, 0.945 (.013*)	0.559, 0.933 (.010*)	0.625, 1.167 (.367)	0.562, 1.096 (.179)	0.602, 0.948 (.014*)	0.590, 0.943 (.013*)	0.639, 1.169 (.383)	0.595, 1.137 (.257)
Cadence (6-minute walk)	0.820	0.799	1.081	1.045	—	—	—	—
95% CI (p value)	0.689, 0.975 (.033*)	0.666, 0.958 (.018*)	0.882, 1.322 (.457)	0.845, 1.291 (.685)
Usual gait speed (SPPB)	0.954	0.953	0.993	0.996	0.945	0.934	0.981	0.985
95% CI (p value)	0.882, 1.032 (.251)	0.875, 1.037 (.273)	0.905, 1.091 (.894)	0.895, 1.110 (.946)	0.878, 1.016 (.134)	0.864, 1.010 (.094)	0.898, 1.072 (.684)	0.889, 1.093 (.781)
Gait speed (6-minute walk)	0.926	0.933	0.988	0.981	—	—	—	—
95% CI (p value)	0.850, 1.008 (.090)	0.843, 1.032 (.186)	0.899, 1.085 (.803)	0.880, 1.093 (.728)
6-minute walk distance	0.979	0.980	0.997	0.994	—	—	—	—
95% CI (p value)	0.956, 1.002 (.084)	0.953, 1.008 (.167)	0.972, 1.022 (.818)	0.965, 1.023 (.686)
	Gait Speed (SPPB) ≥0.8 m/s (N = 263)		Gait Speed (SPPB) <0.8 m/s (N = 131)		Gait Speed (SPPB) ≥0.8 m/s (N = 285)		Gait Speed (SPPB) <0.8 m/s (N = 147)
	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡	Unadjusted	Adjusted‡
Cadence (free-living)	0.896	0.937	0.915	0.807	0.862	0.926	0.931	0.846
95% CI (p value)	0.746, 1.075 (.218)	0.765, 1.148 (.507)	0.755, 1.102 (.337)	0.663, 0.975 (.022*)	0.723, 1.028 (.084)	0.763, 1.123 (.408)	0.786, 1.099 (.392)	0.709, 1.004 (.050*)
Cadence (6-minute walk)	0.992	1.062	0.905	0.777	—	—	—	—
95% CI (p value)	0.831, 1.185 (.920)	0.876, 1.290 (.499)	0.757, 1.079 (.242)	0.651, 0.924 (.003*)
Usual gait speed (SPPB)	0.999	0.993	0.915	0.812	0.981	0.972	0.901	0.829
95% CI (p value)	0.903, 1.107 (.983)	0.894, 1.104 (.897)	0.755, 1.102 (.376)	0.661, 0.993 (.047*)	0.890, 1.082 (.695)	0.880, 1.075 (.582)	0.758, 1.066 (.247)	0.695, 0.986 (.040*)
Gait speed (6-minute walk)	0.990	0.996	0.921	0.873	—	—	—	—
95% CI (p value)	0.899, 1.090 (.843)	0.894, 1.111 (.948)	0.829, 1.022 (.102)	0.778, 0.977 (.015*)
6-minute walk distance	0.996	0.998	0.980	0.965	—	—	—	—
95% CI (p value)	0.970, 1.023 (.794)	0.968, 1.028 (.883)	0.953, 1.008 (.128)	0.935, 0.994 (.014*)

Note: SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery; CI = confidence interval

*Main sample includes only participants who attempted the 6-minute walk.

^†Expanded sample includes participants who did not attempt the 6-minute walk but who had valid accelerometry data.

^‡Models adjusted for age, sex, weight, height, race, vitamin D randomization group, and total activity counts.

*p < .05.