Table 3.

Characteristics of approaches providing self-management support for spinal cord injury (SCI; n=19).

mHealth tool name, citation, and country availability	Self-management focus areas	Relevant self-management tasks	Relevant self-management skills	Relevant self-management support components
AW-Shifta [53], United States	Pressure injury management	Medical management	Decision-making	Monitoring of the condition with feedback
Ball Strike, Pop Flux [37], Italy	Therapeutic exercise for hands, legs, or trunk	Medical management	Action planning	Training and rehearsal for practical self-management activities
CMAPc [46], United States	Pressure injury management	Medical management	Problem-solving	Monitoring of the condition with feedback
Fisiofriend [57], Italy	Physical activity promotion	Role management	Maintaining patient-provider partnership, action planning, and self-tailoring	Training and rehearsal for practical self-management activities and monitoring of the condition with feedback
iMHered [44], United States	Bladder management, pressure injury management, and psychosocial support	Medical and emotional management	Maintaining patient-provider partnership, self-tailoring, and decision-making	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, provision of easy access to advice or support when needed, and monitoring of the condition with feedback
MMTe [36], Turkey	Therapeutic exercise for hands, legs, or trunk	Medical management	Problem-solving	Training and rehearsal for everyday activities
M2Mf [55], United States	Physical activity promotion	Medical management	Self-tailoring and problem-solving	Information about the condition or its management
NR [38], United States	Pressure injury management	Medical and role management	Decision-making and resource use	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, and monitoring of the condition with feedback
NR [40,58], United States	Bladder management	Role and medical management	Maintaining patient-provider partnership and problem-solving	DPractical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, provision of easy access to advice or support when needed, and social support
NR [43], Thailand	Therapeutic exercise for hands, legs, or trunk	Medical management	Self-tailoring and decision-making	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral) and training and rehearsal for practical self-management activities
NR [48,49], Switzerland	Pressure injury management	Medical and role management	Maintaining patient-provider partnership, self-tailoring, and problem-solving	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, and provision of easy access to advice or support when needed
PHOENIXh [45], United States	Pressure injury, bladder, and bowel management	Role management	Action planning and problem-solving	Information about the condition or its management, lifestyle advice and support, and social support
PHIREi [42], United States	Physical activity promotion	Role management	Self-tailoring	Monitoring of the condition with feedback
PUTj [52], Canada	Pressure injury management	Role management	Problem-solving	Information about the condition or its management
Punsook [51], Thailand	Bladder and pain management	Role management	Maintaining patient-provider partnership, action planning, and problem-solving	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, monitoring of the condition with feedback, and provision of easy access to advice or support when needed
SCI Health Storylines [41,47,50,59], Canada	Bladder management, bowel management, pressure injury management, spasticity management, autonomic dysreflexia management, physical activity promotion, pain management, psychosocial support, medicating and dieting, sensation of pain, handling stress and other psychological demands, and looking after one’s health	Medical, role, and emotional management	Action planning, decision-making, and self-tailoring	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, training and rehearsal for practical self-management activities, monitoring of the condition with feedback, and training and rehearsal for psychological strategies
WHEELSk [54], the Netherlands	Physical activity promotion, psychosocial support, sleep management, and medicating and dieting	Medical, role, and emotional management	Problem-solving and action planning	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, social support, and training and rehearsal for practical self-management activities
WOWiil [56], United States	Physical activity promotion	Medical and role management	Problem-solving, action planning, and decision-making	Practical support with adherence (medication or behavioral), information about the condition or its management, social support, lifestyle advice and support, and training and rehearsal for practical self-management activities

^amHealth: mobile health.

^bAW-Shift: Assisted Weight Shift.

^cCMAP: Comprehensive Mobile Assessment of Pressure.

^diMHere: Interactive Mobile Health and Rehabilitation.

^eMMT: Mobile Music Touch.

^fM2M: Movement-to-Music.

^gNR: not reported.

^hPHOENIX: Peer-Supported Health Outreach, Education, and Information Exchange.

ⁱPHIRE: Personal Health Informatics and Rehabilitation Engineering.

^jPUT: Pressure Ulcer Target.

^kWHEELS: Wheelchair Exercise and Lifestyle Study.

^lWOWii: Workout on Wheels internet intervention.