Table 1. Characteristics of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) and Age-Matched Healthy Controls (HCs).
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with HFpEF (n = 27) | HCs (n = 45) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 68.4 (5.8) | 70.2 (6.2) | .22 |
| Gender | |||
| Men | 4 (15) | 9 (20) | .39 |
| Women | 23 (85) | 36 (80) | |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 163.8 (8.3) | 165.8 (9.7) | .38 |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 104.9 (20) | 74.1 (14.3) | <.001 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)a | 38.9 (6.2) | 26.8 (3.7) | <.001 |
| Body surface area, mean (SD), m2 | 2.08 (0.22) | 1.82 (0.21) | <.001 |
| Total fat mass, mean (SD), kg | 51.8 (12.3) | 29.6 (7.7) | <.001 |
| Total lean mass, mean (SD), kg | 54.4 (10.1) | 43.4 (9.7) | <.001 |
| Body fat, mean (SD), % | 49 (5) | 39 (7) | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 144.9 (20.5) | 121.6 (11) | <.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 75 (11) | 69 (9) | .01 |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | 61 (4) | 59 (4) | .45 |
| Left ventricular mass, mean (SD), g | 205.4 (45.8) | 156.8 (33.8) | <.001 |
| Left ventricular mass index, mean (SD) | 98.3 (18.8) | 83.8 (4.4) | .02 |
| Left atrial diameter, mean (SD), cm | 3.9 (0.4) | 3.7 (0.5) | .12 |
| E/A ratio, mean (SD) | 0.97 (0.32) | 0.86 (0.23) | .21 |
| e′ septal, mean (SD), cm/s | 6.4 (1.9) | 7.8 (1.5) | .02 |
| E/e′ ratio, mean (SD) | 13.3 (6.4) | 9.4 (2.8)b | .031 |
| N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, median (IQR), pg/mL | 86 (82-145)c | NA | NA |
| Diastolic filling pattern | |||
| Normal | 1 (4) | 3 (20) | .03 |
| Impaired | 24 (89) | 8 (53) | |
| Pseudonormal | 2 (7) | 4 (27) | |
| Restrictive | 0 | 0 | |
| History of hypertension | 27 (100) | NA | NA |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 2 (7) | NA | NA |
| History of coronary heart disease | 5 (19) | NA | NA |
| Diabetes | 10 (37) | NA | NA |
| New York Heart Association HF class | |||
| I | 1 (4) | NA | NA |
| II | 8 (31) | NA | NA |
| III | 12 (46) | NA | NA |
| IV | 5 (19) | NA | NA |
| Medications | |||
| Diuretics | 25 (93) | NA | NA |
| Angiotensin-II receptor blockers | 11 (41) | NA | NA |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 10 (37) | NA | NA |
| β-Blockers | 12 (44) | NA | NA |
| Calcium channel blockers | 6 (22) | NA | NA |
| Nitrates | 1 (4) | NA | NA |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
Measured in only 15 HCs.
c
Values derived from the parent clinical trial.28