Table 2.

General characteristics per study group by study island

	Young men	Adult men	Young women	Adult women	Sig.
Gardi Sugdub
n	23	23	21	23
Age	24	52	23	48	0.000***
Education (years)	12	9	12	8	0.032*
Income (USD/month)	326	447	235	345	0.595
Diet change (years)	11.6 (n = 18–78%)	10.9 (n = 17–74%)	7.1 (n = 18–86%)	12.3 (n = 17–74%)	0.002**
Soledad Miria
n	24	26	24	24
Age	23	53	24	48	0.000***
Education (years)	9	3	7	1	0.000***
Income (USD/month)	136	166	91	125	0.397
Diet change (years)	4.7 (n = 24–100%)	6 (n = 25–96%)	3.8 (n = 22–92%)	5.4 (n = 23–96%)	0.017*
Nargana
n	20	22	20	20
Age	25	50	24	50	0.000***
Education (years)	9	8	9	8	0.779
Income (USD/month)	398	682	105	176	0.034*
Diet change (years)	7.7 (n = 15–75%)	15.1 (n = 19–86%)	8.3 (n = 12–60%)	16.8 (n = 15–75%)	0.001**
All sites
n	67	71	65	67
Age	24	52	24	48	0.000***
Education (years)	10	6	9	5	0.000***
Income (USD/month)	279	417	142	216	0.008**
Diet change (years)	7.6 (n = − 0%)	10.2 (n = − 0%)	6 (n = − 0%)	10.6 (n = − 0%)	0.000***

Significance levels: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. For detailed pairwise comparisons between groups see Table S3 in the Supplementary Material