Schematic of the synthesis and antitumor property of the Bi2S3-BSA nanocomposite hydrogel: (A) Preparation of the metal sulfide-protein nanocomposite hydrogel in situ; (B) Bi2S3–BSA nanocomposite hydrogel-based PTT agents against tumors; (C, D) Photothermal property of Bi2S3–BSA nanocomposite hydrogels; (E, F, G) H&E staining of the tumor tissues, representative tumors and tumor volumes of mice after different treatments: Group I PBS (control), Group II (Hydrogel), Group III (808 laser irradiation, 0.75 Wcm−2), Group IV (Hydrogel+808 nm laser irradiation, scale bar = 100 mm); (H) Body weight. Reproduced with permission [108]. Copyright 2018, John Wiley and Sons.