Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS and its components according to main meal frequency
| Men (n = 9,675) | Women (n = 13,024) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main meal frequency (meals/day) | Main meal frequency (meals/day) | |||||
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Cases (n)/Total (n) | 2,363/6,502 | 965/2,907 | 72/266 | 2,941/8,681 | 1,023/3,979 | 63/364 |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| MetS | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.01–1.33)1) | 1.07 (0.71–1.63) | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.88–1.15) | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) |
| Abdominal obesity | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) | 1.37 (0.82–2.27) | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.69 (0.45–1.06) |
| Elevated fasting blood glucose | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | 1.14 (0.81–1.63) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) |
| Elevated blood pressure | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 0.99 (0.71–1.38) | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 0.84 (0.58–1.21) |
| Elevated triglycerides | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.04–1.29) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) | 1.00 | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | 1.09 (0.76–1.55) |
| Reduced HDL-cholesterol | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.98 (0.68–1.41) | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome; HDL, high-density lipoprotein
1) Models were adjusted for age (years, continuous), educational level (elementary school, middle school, high school, or college), household income level (lower middle, middle, upper middle, or highest), occupation (yes or no), marriage (married or single), household type (single-person or multi-person), region (urban or rural) alcohol consumption (none, moderate, or high), smoking status (never, past, or current), regular physical activity (yes or no), total energy intake (kcal/day, continuous), and body mass index (kg/m2, continuous)