Fig. 3.

Crosstalk between macrophages and immune cells. A The neutrophil DNA primes macrophage polarization via the TRL9 pathway. B Neutrophils affect efferocytosis by secreting NGAL which affects expression of the MertK receptor. C Macrophages produce MMP-12 to reduce neutrophil infiltration. D T cells secrete IL-35, which upregulated the expression of CX3CR1 and TGF-β1 in macrophages by inducing GP130 signaling via IL12Rβ2 and phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT4. E IL-5 secreted by macrophages increases the aggregation of eosinophils, which induces phenotypic transformation of macrophages through the IL-4/STAT6 axis. F Basophils secrete IL-4/IL-13 to regulate phenotype transformation of macrophages