. 2023 May 11;23:319. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08201-3

Table 5.

Unadjusted and adjusted Hazard Ratios for all-cause mortality in index participants

	Unadjusted Cox Model			Adjusted Cox Model¹			Multivariable Cox Model²
	HR	95% CI³	p-value⁴	aHR	95% CI³	p-value⁴	aHR	95% CI³	p-value⁴
Age	1.00	0.96, 1.05	0.981	1.01	0.96, 1.06	0.670	1.00	0.95, 1.05	0.980
Gender			0.003			0.012			0.005
Female	REF			REF			REF
Male	4.13	1.53,16.92		3.66	1.29,15.39		4.23	1.46,17.94
Study site			0.006			0.028			0.082
Indonesia	REF			REF			REF
Ukraine	0.37	0.19, 0.68		0.46	0.23, 0.86		0.62	0.26, 1.40
Vietnam	0.56	0.32, 0.98		0.52	0.29, 0.91		0.50	0.27, 0.92
Study arm			0.019			0.015			0.013
SOC	REF			REF			REF
Intervention	0.46	0.21, 0.89		0.45	0.21, 0.87		0.44	0.20, 0.85
Alcohol use in the past 3 months			0.019			0.012
Non Hazardous alcohol use	REF			REF
Hazardous alcohol use	0.46	0.21, 0.89		0.44	0.20, 0.84
Injecting opioids in the past 3 months			0.009			0.049
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.41	0.22, 0.79		0.50	0.26, 1.00
Injecting stimulants in the past 3 months			0.023			0.160
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.36	0.11, 0.88		0.49	0.14, 1.29
Injecting other drugs in the past 3 months			0.005			0.038
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.32	0.11, 0.73		0.35	0.11, 0.95
No injecting drug use in the past 3 months			0.013			0.077
No	REF			REF
Yes	2.39	1.21, 4.48		1.91	0.93, 3.76
Injecting polydrug use in the past 3 months			< 0.001			0.006			0.005
No	REF			REF			REF
Yes	0.29	0.12, 0.60		0.29	0.11, 0.71		0.28	0.10, 0.69
# of days of injecting drugs use in the past month	1.00	0.98, 1.02	0.851	1.01	0.99, 1.03	0.381
Non-injecting opioids use in the past 3 months			0.253			0.271
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.48	0.08, 1.54		0.49	0.08, 1.61
Non-injecting stimulants use in the past 3 months			0.289			0.755
No	REF			REF
Yes	1.32	0.78, 2.17		0.91	0.50, 1.62
Non-injecting other drug use in the past 3 months			0.206			0.124
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.73	0.45, 1.19		0.67	0.40, 1.12
No non-injecting drug use in the past 3 months			0.230			0.040			0.088
No	REF			REF			REF
Yes	1.36	0.82, 2.23		1.78	1.03, 3.05		1.62	0.93, 2.78
Non-injecting polydrug use in the past 3 months			0.809			0.484
No	REF			REF
Yes	1.08	0.57, 1.89		0.80	0.41, 1.47
OAT status			0.844			0.912
Ever used	REF			REF
OAT naive	1.05	0.64, 1.71		0.97	0.59, 1.60
ART status			0.315			0.327
ART naive	REF			REF
previously on ART	0.47	0.11, 1.31		0.47	0.11, 1.32
current on ART	0.78	0.45, 1.32		0.78	0.44, 1.36
Depression			0.837			0.052			0.012
no/mild	REF			REF			REF
moderate/severe	1.06	0.58, 1.85		2.06	0.99, 4.11		2.55	1.24, 5.01
Internalized stigma			0.725			0.675
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.91	0.56, 1.51		0.90	0.54, 1.50
Experienced stigma			0.490			0.423
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.82	0.44, 1.43		0.79	0.42, 1.39
Anticipated stigma			0.125			0.097			0.043
No	REF			REF			REF
Yes	0.68	0.42, 1.11		0.65	0.40, 1.08		0.59	0.36, 0.98
Total stigma			0.171			0.143
No	REF			REF
Yes	0.67	0.40, 1.19		0.65	0.38, 1.16
Viral suppression			0.036			0.084
≥ 40 copies/mL	REF			REF
< 40 copies/mL	0.43	0.16, 0.95		0.49	0.18, 1.09
CD4 count			< 0.001			< 0.001			< 0.001
< 200 cells/μL	REF			REF			REF
≥ 200 cells/μL	0.28	0.17, 0.46		0.31	0.19, 0.50		0.29	0.17, 0.47

¹ Age, gender, site, arm was adjusted for in the Adjusted Cox Models

² Those significant in the adjusted cox model were selected in this model with conservative cutoff point of 0.1. adjusting for age, gender, site, arm, only those with p-value < 0.1 will be left in the final model

³ Profile likelihood 95% confidence interval

⁴ Logrank type3 p-value