Table 4.

Definition and measurement of variables

Variables	Factors	Variables	Definition	Measurement	Related Studies
Dependent Variable	Status	Status	Success of clinical trials	If terminated = 0, Otherwise = 1	[10–12]
Independent Variables	Quality	Experience	Cumulative number of total clinical trials of sponsor	Total number of terminated and completed clinical trials of sponsor	[6]
		Success Ratio	Cumulative success ratio of clinical trials of sponsors	Number of successful clinical trials before the trial / total number of clinical trials before the trial	[6, 13, 21, 22]
	Speed	Duration	Days taken to complete clinical trials	Number of days from the beginning to complete of clinical trials	[14–16]
	Relation Type	Relation Type	Presence of clinical trial partners	If absence of partners = 0, existence of partners = 1	[18–20]
	Communication	Nation	Whether the address-based region of the sponsor and collaborator is the same	If different = 0, same = 1	[13, 14]
		Continent		If different = 0, same = 1