Table 1.

Comparison of common HSMS programs (adapted from [16, 20])

Elements of comparison	CORESafety	OHSAS 18001	ANSI Z10	OSHA VPP	UK Coal SMS
Leadership development	X			X	X
Responsibility and accountability	X	X	X		X
Risk management	X	X	X	X	X
Emergency management	X	X	X	Partial	X
Training	X	X	X	Partial	X
Culture enhancement	X
Communication and collaboration	X	X	X		X
Reinforcement and recognition	X	Intervals	Intervals	Annually
Change management	X	X		X	X
Resources and planning	X	X			X
Work procedures and permits	X	X	X	X
Occupational health	X	X	X	X
Incident investigation	X	X	X	X	X
Behavior optimization	X
Engineering and construction	X	X	X
Contractor management	X	X	X
Assurance	X	X	X	X	X
Documentation and information management	X	X	X		X