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. 2023 Apr 27;17:1156453. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156453

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Wu, Liu, Huang, Zhou and Liang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The probiotics administration for restoring surgery/anesthesia stress-induced and perioperative cefazolin-induced gut dysbacteria, respectively. (A,B) The differential species analysis in the genus level of Grp CTL, Grp CEF, Grp S at 1 and 3 weeks after surgery; (C,D) The differential species analysis in the genus level of Grp CTL, Grp S, Grp SC at 1 week and 3 weeks after surgery; (E,G) The differential species analysis in the genus level of Grp CTL, Grp S, Grp SP, Grp SC, Grp SCP at 1 and 3 weeks after surgery; (F,H) Surgery/anesthesia stress increased the relative abundance of Streptococcus at 1 week (q = 0.7693, p = 0.0399) while probiotics could decrease it (q = 0.5489, p = 0.0314); cefazolin could increase the relative abundance of Streptococcus at 3 weeks after surgery (q = 0.3125, p = 0.0314) compared with surgery group (n = 9, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Grp, group; CTL, control; S, surgery; SC, surgery combined with cefazolin; SP, surgery combined with probiotics; SCP, surgery combined with cefazolin and probiotics.