Figure 5.

Microbiota-independent induction of colonic IL-4⁺ ILC2s. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots (left) and frequencies (right) of IL-4⁺KLRG1⁺ cells among Thy1.2⁺CD3⁻ cells in the colonic LP of SPF B6 mice at 2–9 wk of age. (B) Representative flow cytometry plots (left), frequencies, and absolute number (right) of IL-4⁺GATA3⁺ cells among Thy1.2⁺Lin⁻ cells in the intestinal LP of SPF and GF B6 mice. Bar graphs show the mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; ns, not significant; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (A), two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (B). Each dot represents an individual mouse. (C) Relative expression of genes listed in Fig. 2 A in colonic ILC2s (Thy1.2⁺CD3⁻KLRG1⁺ cells) sorted from SPF (n = 3) and GF (n = 3) B6 mice. Heatmap colors represent the z-score normalized FPKM values for each gene. Data shown are representative of more than two independent experiments with n ≥ 3 individual mice per group.