(a). Conceptual framework to inform the choice and design of tools. (b). The SAHARAN toolbox. A 4-hour assessment comprising child growth, body composition, cognitive and physical function assessment with simultaneous caregiver questionnaire. KABC-II: Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition, SDQ: Strength and difficulties Questionnaire, WG: Washington Group / UNICEF Child Function module, RCSM: Rapid continuous sequential movements, BIA: Bioimpedance analysis, Hb: Haemoglobin, BP: Blood pressure, HR Heart rate, SES: Socioeconomic status, CPRS: Child-parent relationship scale, EPDS: Edinburgh postnatal depression score, HFIAS: Household Food Insecurity Assessment Scale, HDDS: Household Dietary Diversity scale, HWISE: Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale, MICS: Multi-indicator cluster survey (UNICEF) for Discipline Questionnaire.