Table 1. Baseline participant characteristics in women and men stratified by supine resting heart rate.
The Fenland Study.
| Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <60 bpm n = 1,724 |
60–69 bpm n = 2,623 |
70–79 bpm n = 1,162 |
≥80 bpm n = 213 |
Total N = 5,722 |
|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| RHR | |||||
| Seated (bpm) | 59.5 ± 6.0 | 67.9 ± 5.8 | 75.6 ± 6.1 | 84.4 ± 8.6 | 67.5 ± 9.0 |
| Sleeping (bpm) | 52.8 ± 5.0 | 58.9 ± 4.8 | 63.7 ± 5.3 | 68.0 ± 6.7 | 58.4 ± 6.6 |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||
| VO2max per kg BM | 39.2 ± 9.3 | 35.8 ± 8.1 | 33.5 ± 7.8 | 30.7 ± 7.7 | 36.2 ± 8.7 |
| VO2max per kg FFM | 60.7 ± 13.0 | 57.3 ± 12.3 | 55.2 ± 12.5 | 51.7 ± 13.0 | 57.7 ± 12.8 |
| Anthropometrics | |||||
| Height (m) | 1.65 ± 0.06 | 1.64 ± 0.06 | 1.63 ± 0.06 | 162.5 ± 5.9 | 1.64 ± 0.06 |
| Body mass (kg) | 69.1 ± 12.5 | 70.4 ± 13.4 | 72.0 ± 15.3 | 73.3 ± 16.6 | 70.4 ± 13.7 |
| BMI (kg⋅m-2) | 25.4 ± 4.4 | 26.2 ± 4.8 | 27.0 ± 5.4 | 27.7 ± 5.8 | 26.1 ± 4.9 |
| FMI (kg ⋅m -2) | 9.2 ± 3.7 | 10.1 ± 3.8 | 10.9 ± 4.1 | 11.5 ± 4.3 | 10.0 ± 3.9 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 35.2 ± 8.3 | 37.3 ± 7.7 | 39.0 ± 7.5 | 40.2 ± 7.7 | 37.1 ± 8.0 |
| Physical Activity | |||||
| PAEE (kJ⋅day -1⋅kg -1) | 59.4 ± 21.3 | 49.3 ± 18.2 | 42.7 ± 16.4 | 36.2 ± 14.1 | 50.5 ± 19.8 |
| MVPA (min⋅day -1) | 115.4 ± 78.5 | 82.0 ± 61.2 | 63.0 ± 50.9 | 43.4 ± 39.0 | 86.8 ± 67.8 |
| MVPA (kJ⋅day -1⋅kg -1) | 24.1 ± 17.5 | 16.3 ± 12.8 | 12.2 ± 10.4 | 8.3 ± 7.7 | 17.6 ± 14.6 |
| Age (years) | 48.4 ± 7.5 | 48.2 ± 7.3 | 47.8 ± 7.3 | 47.6 ± 7.0 | 48.2 ± 7.4 |
| Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 1,619 (28.3) | 2,425 (42.4) | 1,074 (18.8) | 188(3.3) | 5,306 (92.7) |
| Non-White | 106 (1.9) | 197 (3.4) | 88 (1.5) | 25(0.4) | 416 (7.3) |
| Smoker Status | |||||
| Never smoked | 894 (15.6) | 1497 (26.2) | 684 (12.0) | 141(2.5) | 3,216 (56.2) |
| Ex-smoker | 605(10.6) | 819 (14.3) | 355 (6.2) | 51(0.9) | 1,830 (32.0) |
| Current smoker | 196 (3.4) | 280 (5.0) | 112 (2.0) | 20(0.3) | 608 (10.6) |
| Unknown | 30 (0.5) | 26 (0.5) | 11 (0.2) | 1(0.0) | 68 (1.2) |
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||
| <1/week | 611 (10.7) | 1,016 (17.7) | 501 (8.8) | 96(1.7) | 2,224 (38.9) |
| 1-4/week | 865 (15.1) | 1,264 (22.1) | 491 (8.6) | 82(1.4) | 2,702 (47.2) |
| Almost daily | 218 (3.8) | 297 (5.2) | 150 (2.6) | 30(0.5) | 695 (12.2) |
| Unknown | 30 (0.5) | 46 (0.8) | 20 (0.3) | 5(0.1) | 101 (1.8) |
| Men | |||||
| <60 bpm n = 2,385 |
60–69 bpm n = 1,925 |
70–79 bpm n = 696 |
≥80 bpm n = 137 |
Total N = 5,143 |
|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| RHR | |||||
| Seated (bpm) | 57.9 ± 6.7 | 67.2 ± 6.1 | 75.3 ± 6.7 | 85.4 ± 8.8 | 64.5 ± 9.6 |
| Sleeping (bpm) | 50.9 ± 5.1 | 57.3 ± 5.0 | 61.9 ± 5.2 | 65.1 ± 6.6 | 55.2 ± 6.7 |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||
| VO2max per kg BM | 46.4 ± 9.2 | 42.7 ± 8.6 | 40.4 ± 9.0 | 36.6 ± 8.6 | 43.9 ± 9.3 |
| VO2max per kg FFM | 62.6 ± 12.0 | 59.6 ± 11.8 | 57.5 ± 12.3 | 53.7 ± 12.6 | 60.5 ± 12.2 |
| Anthropometrics | |||||
| Height (m) | 1.78 ± 0.07 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | 1.77 ± 0.07 | 176.7 ± 6.8 | 1.78 ± 0.07 |
| Body mass (kg) | 84.6 ± 12.6 | 86.2 ± 14.15 | 87.7 ± 15.1 | 91.1 ± 16.5 | 58.8 ± 13.7 |
| BMI (kg⋅m-2) | 26.6 ± 3.6 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 28.1 ± 4.4 | 29.1 ± 4.8 | 27.2 ± 4.0 |
| FMI (kg⋅m-2) | 7.0 ± 2.7 | 7.9 ± 2.8 | 8.5 ± 3.0 | 9.5 ± 3.2 | 7.6 ± 2.9 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 25.7 ± 7.1 | 28.1 ± 6.5 | 29.6 ± 6.6 | 31.7 ± 6.5 | 27.3 ± 7.0 |
| Physical Activity | |||||
| PAEE (kJ⋅day-1⋅kg-1) | 66.1 ± 23.5 | 55.9 ± 21.4 | 48.1 ± 20.9 | 39.0 ± 15.4 | 59.1 ± 23.4 |
| MVPA (min⋅day-1) | 147.9 ± 88.6 | 114.0 ± 77.0 | 90.7 ± 71.6 | 61.9 ± 45.9 | 125.2 ± 84.6 |
| MVPA (kJ⋅day-1⋅kg-1) | 33.0 ± 20.4 | 23.7 ± 16.6 | 18.4 ± 15.2 | 12.3 ± 9.7 | 27.0 ± 19.1 |
| Age (years) | 48.0 ± 7.5 | 48.2 ± 7.5 | 48.8 ± 7.7 | 49.2 ± 8.0 | 48.2 ± 7.5 |
| Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | Count (%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 2,227 (43.3) | 1,776 (34.5) | 627 (12.2) | 126(2.4) | 4,756 (92.5) |
| Non-White | 158 (3.1) | 149 (2.9) | 69 (1.3) | 11(0.2) | 387 (7.5) |
| Smoker Status | |||||
| Never smoked | 1,228 (23.9) | 1,028 (20.0) | 346 (6.7) | 76(1.5) | 2,678 (52.1) |
| Ex-smoker | 831 (16.2) | 620 (12.1) | 239 (4.7) | 48(0.9) | 1,738 (33.8) |
| Current smoker | 303 (5.9) | 255 (5.0) | 102 (2.0) | 12(0.2) | 672 (13.1) |
| Unknown | 23 (0.4) | 22(0.4) | 9 (0.2) | 1(0.0) | 55 (1.1) |
| Alcohol Consumption | |||||
| <1/week | 563 (11.0) | 518 (10.1) | 193 (3.8) | 38(0.7) | 1,312 (25.5) |
| 1-4/week | 1,351 (26.3) | 1,005 (19.5) | 342 (6.7) | 72(1.4) | 2,770 (53.9) |
| Almost daily | 446 (8.7) | 368 (7.2) | 152 (3.0) | 25(0.5) | 991 (19.3) |
| Unknown | 25 (0.5) | 34 (0.7) | 9 (0.2) | 2(0.0) | 70 (1.4) |
SD: Standard deviation, RHR: Resting heart rate, bpm: Beat per minute, BMI: Body mass index, FMI: Fat mass index, PAEE: Physical activity energy expenditure. VO2max: Estimated maximal oxygen consumption, MVPA: Moderate to vigorous physical activity, BM: Total-body mass, FFM: Fat free mass. Stratification by supine RHR categories.