Summary of findings 3. An intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level compared to no intervention/no stress‐reduction interventionfor stress reduction in healthcare workers.
| An intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level compared to no intervention/no stress‐reduction intervention for stress reduction in healthcare workers | ||||
| Patient or population: healthcare workers Setting: various healthcare settings Intervention: an intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level Comparison: No intervention/no stress‐reduction intervention | ||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | What happens |
| Effect with an intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on an individual level | ||||
| Stress symptoms (follow‐up up to and including 3 months after end of intervention) | no effect estimate | 87 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low 1 | The evidence is very uncertain about the short‐term effect of an intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on stress symptoms. |
| Stress symptoms (follow‐up > 3 to 12 months after end of intervention) | no effect estimate | 152 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low 2 | The evidence is very uncertain about the medium‐term effect of an intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on stress symptoms. |
| Stress symptoms (follow‐up >12 months after end of intervention) | no effect estimate | 161 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low 2 | The evidence is very uncertain about the long‐term effect of an intervention in which the focus is on work‐related risk factors on stress symptoms. |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; SMD: standardized mean difference; MD: mean difference | ||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||
1 The certainty of the evidence was downgraded by three levels for very serious risk of bias (bias arising from the randomisation process and lack of blinding; i.e. performance bias), inconsistency and very serious imprecision (small sample size, the confidence interval includes both a benefit and a harm).
2 The certainty of the evidence was downgraded by three levels for very serious risk of bias (bias arising from the randomisation process and lack of blinding; i.e. performance bias) and very serious imprecision (small sample size, the confidence interval includes both a benefit and no effect).