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. 2023 May 12;2023(5):CD002892. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002892.pub6

Emani 2020.

Study characteristics
Methods Study design: randomised controlled trial
Study grouping: parallel group
Participants Baseline characteristics
Chromotherapy‐based intervention
  • Age (mean ± SD): NR

  • Sex (N (% female)): 40 (100%)

  • Sample size: 40

  • Years of experience < 15 years and > 15 years (mean ± SD): < 25 (nr). > 15 (nr)


Control (no intervention)
  • Age (mean ± SD): NR

  • Sex (N (% female)): 40 (100%)

  • Sample size: 40

  • Years of experience < 15 years and > 15 years (mean ± SD): < 24 (nr). > 16 (nr)


Overall
  • Age (mean ± SD): NR

  • Sex (N (% female)): 80

  • Sample size: 80

  • Years of experience < 15 years and > 15 years (mean ± SD): NR


Included criteria: inclusion criteria: interested in attending chromotherapy educational and consultation sessions at least three times per month for a period of 3 months, age range between 25 and 45 years
Excluded criteria: exclusion criteria included existing comorbid clinical conditions that could have any effect on fatigue such as depression, thyroid disease or severe infection, surgery operation from three months ago, or participants who were suffering from malnutrition and iron deficiency anaemia, and participants who were unable for other reasons to continue their participation in this research.
Pretreatment: there were no significant differences between the two groups for age, years of experience, or years working
Compliance rate: of 96 nurses 80 participated in all sessions > 83%
Response rate: NR
Type of healthcare worker: nurses
Interventions Intervention characteristics
Chromotherapy‐based intervention
  • Type of the intervention: Intervention type 2 ‐ to focus one’s attention away from the experience of stress

  • Description of the intervention : The interventions for experimental ICU included three parts; (A) changing colour of decoration in experimental ICU, such as installation of colour panels in ICU ward, (B) providing a mobile cover and a pencil case in yellow, orange, and green colours based on the principles of chromotherapy, for each of experimental group nurses, and (C) in addition, three educational sessions on chromotherapy were held and then participants received individualised consulting sessions weekly on chromotherapy applying in their personal life and in their own home for 3 months.

  • The number of sessions: 3 times per month

  • Duration of each session on average: NR

  • Duration of the entire intervention: 3 months

  • Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: short

  • Intervention deliverer: NR

  • Intervention form: Group and individual


Control (no intervention)
  • Type of the intervention: NA

  • Description of the intervention: NA

  • The number of sessions: NA

  • Duration of each session on average: NA

  • Duration of the entire intervention: NA

  • Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: NA

  • Intervention deliverer: NA

  • Intervention form: NA

Outcomes Professional Quality of Life (ProQol) ‐ Compassion satisfaction
  • Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome


Profesional Quality of Life (ProQol) ‐ Burn out
  • Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome


Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) ‐ Secondary traumatic stress
  • Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome

Identification Sponsorship source: NR
Country: Iran
Setting: Hospital
Comments: NR
Authors name: Roghiye Emani
Institution: Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;
Email: haleh_ghavami@yahoo.co.uk
Address: Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Pardis–e‐Nazlou, 11 km of Nazlou Road, Urmia, Iran
Time period: NR
Notes PRO‐QOl_BO included in analysis 2.1
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Low risk Quote: "A total of 96 ICU nurses assessed for eligibility; among them 80 nurses (according to inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study) were randomized to the experimental group or to the control group."
 "For randomization in this study, an independent researcher‐made random allocation cards using computer‐generated the random numbers. The allocator kept the original random allocation sequences in an inaccessible third place and worked with a copy. "
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Low risk Quote: "For randomization in this study, an independent researcher‐made random allocation cards using computer‐generated the random numbers. The allocator kept the original random allocation sequences in an inaccessible third place and worked with a copy."
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)
All outcomes High risk Participants were not blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)
All outcomes High risk Participants were not blinded whereas outcomes are self‐reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Unclear risk Lost to follow‐up not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk IRCT registration number: IRCT2017101431588N3. No indication of selective reporting.
Other bias Unclear risk Response rate not able to assess. Compliance not reported.