Novoa 2014.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomised controlled trial Study grouping: parallel group
Participants	Baseline characteristics Reiki treatment Age in years (N(%)): NR Sex (N (% female)): NR Sample size: 22 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Placebo condition Age in years (N(%)): NR Sex (N (% female)): NR Sample size: 21 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Control (no intervention) Age in years (N(%)): NR Sex (N (% female)): NR Sample size: 24 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Overall Age in years (N(%)): 20–30 (35 (53.0%)) / 31–40 (14 (21.2%)) / 41–50 (8 (12.2%)) / > 51 (9 (13.6%)) Sex (N (% female)): 62 (93%) Sample size: 67 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Included criteria: inclusion criteria included identification of a moderate to high risk of STS as determined by the Professional Quality of Life scale: Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue/Secondary Trauma subscales (ProQOL R‐V; Stamm, 2009) Excluded criteria: respondents who were not at moderate to high risk for STS were not included in the study sample. Additional exclusion criteria included having received a Reiki treatment or other energy modality in the past month and pregnancy. Pretreatment: the dependent variables did not differ at baseline among the three groups (Reiki, placebo, and control). Compliance rate: NR Response rate: 85% Type of healthcare worker: 51% social work professionals,42% social work student interns, 5% licenced professional counsellors (LPCs).
Interventions	Intervention characteristics Reiki treatment Type of the intervention: Intervention type 2 ‐ to focus one’s attention away from the experience of stress Description of the intervention: For the treatment group, sessions started with the participant lying on his or her back, fully clothed, with a cloth over the eyes. The practitioner started at the head and worked towards the feet, keeping hands approximately 1.5 to 2.0 inches away from the body. The participant then turned over to the stomach and the practitioner again worked from the head to the feet. The number of sessions: four Duration of each session on average: 50 minutes Duration of the entire intervention: four weeks Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: short Intervention deliverer: One of the researchers who had twelve years of experience as a Reiki master practitioner. Intervention form: The room was a quiet space with no visual or auditory distraction. Placebo condition Type of the intervention: NA Description of the intervention: After covering the participant’s eyes with a piece of cloth, the practitioner stood next to the table and moved every 2.5 minutes, following the treatment protocol but without the placement of hands. The number of sessions: four Duration of each session on average: 50 minutes Duration of the entire intervention: four weeks Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: short Intervention deliverer: One of the researchers who had twelve years of experience as a Reiki master practitioner. Intervention form: The room was a quiet space with no visual or auditory distractions. Control (no intervention) Type of the intervention: NA Description of the intervention: NA The number of sessions: NA Duration of each session on average: NA Duration of the entire intervention: NA Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: NA Intervention deliverer: NA Intervention form: NA
Outcomes	Professional Quality of Life ‐ Compassion Fatigue/Secondary Trauma Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome Scale: ProQOL R‐V; Stamm, 2009 Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome
Identification	Sponsorship source: NR Country: United States Setting: One state in the Deep South Comments: NR Authors name: Martha P. Novoa Institution: energy practitioner at the White Horse Email: NR Address: Baton Rouge, LA Time period: Recruitment for the study started in January 2010 and ended in May 2011.
Notes	Not able to include in analysis due to missing data.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "The researchers randomly assigned treatment conditions using three differ‐ently colored pebbles: orange corresponded to Reiki treatment, white corre‐sponded to the placebo condition, and blue corresponded to the control group. Thirty‐three pebbles of each color were put in a paper bag and mixed."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Quote: "The researcher pulled a random pebble from the bag and the participant was assigned to treatment according to the colour of the pebble. Once the pebble had been selected it was discarded." At the end of the randomisation the researcher could possibly foresee assignment as not many pebbles were left.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Participants were blinded to treatment condition.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Participants were blinded to treatment condition and outcomes are self‐reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not recorded.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No trial registration, no indication of selective reporting.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Compliance rate was not reported.