Riley 2017.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: randomised controlled trial Study grouping: parallel group
Participants	Baseline Characteristics Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) Age (mean ± SD): NR Sex (N (% female)): NR Sample size: 19 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Yoga‐Based Stress Management (YBSM) Age (mean ± SD): NR Sex (N (% female)): NR Sample size: 19 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Overall Age (mean ± SD): 44.6 ± 6.2 Sex (N (% female)): 32 (84%) Sample size: 38 Years of experience (mean ± SD): NR Included criteria: to determine eligibility, potential participants completed the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR‐Q; Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, 2002), a 7‐item questionnaire assessing individuals’ ability to engage in exercise without risk. Only potential participants who answered No to all of the PAR‐Q items were eligible to participate in this study. Employees who attested to meeting all eligibility requirements underwent an informed consent process. Excluded criteria: NR Pretreatment: The two intervention groups were statistically similar to each other on most demographic baseline variables. However, the sample of mental health care providers was, on average, significantly less stressed than national norms (Table 2; Crawford & Henry, 2003). Compliance rate: YBSM participants attended an average of 6.43 sessions (SD = 1.78), and CBSM participants attended an average of 6.13 sessions (SD = 1.86), a difference that was not statistically significantly different. Response rate: not able to assess Type of healthcare worker: exclusively frontline mental health care providers.
Interventions	Intervention characteristics Cognitive Behavioural Stress Management (CBSM) Type of the intervention: Intervention type 1 ‐ to focus one’s attention on the experience of stress Description of the intervention: Week 1 Introduction to program, stress awareness/ physical response, 8 muscle group progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Week 2 Stress awareness and appraisal processes, diaphragmatic breathing. Week 3 Automatic thoughts, deep breathing and counting, passive PMR, special place imagery. Week 4 Rational thought replacement, autogenic training, coping part 1. Week 5 Coping part 2, patterns of coping, light meditation. Week 6 Social support, anger management, Colour meditation. Week 7 Assertiveness training, mantra meditation. Week 8 Review of course, monitor your thinking, imagery exercise The number of sessions: 8 Duration of each session on average: 1 hour Duration of the entire intervention: 8 weeks Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: Short Intervention deliverer: the two CBSM leaders were licenced clinical psychologists with training in cognitive behavioural therapy. Intervention form: Group Yoga‐Based Stress Management (YBSM) Type of the intervention: Intervention type 2 ‐ to focus one’s attention away from the experience of stress Description of the intervention: Week 1. Introduction to program, Introduction to Complete breath, 40 minutes of yoga flow. Week 2. Self‐observation without judgement, body scan, 45 minutes of yoga. Week 3. Depletion and renewal discussion, self‐reflective journaling exercise, 45 minutes of yoga practice. Week 4. Riding the wave stress management discussion and practice, 45 minutes of yoga: breathe, relax, feel, watch, and allow. Week 5. Tools for renewal discussion, 45 minutes of yoga, alternate nostril breathing, seated meditation, one‐word integration Week 6. Working with resistance discussion (awareness, acceptance, and adjustment of goals), 45 minutes of yoga: Exploring the core. Week 7. Loving kindness meditation, 45 minutes of yoga: heart opening yoga poses, guided visualization, and discussion of social connection. Week 8. Review of course, 45‐minute yoga class, reflective journaling, creating realistic intentions The number of sessions: 8 Duration of each session on average: 1 hour Duration of the entire intervention: 8 weeks Duration of the entire intervention short vs long: Short Intervention deliverer: The two YBSM teachers were certified Kripalu yoga instructors Intervention form: Group
Outcomes	DASS‐stress Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome DASS anxiety Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome DASS depression Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome ProQOL ‐ Compassion satisfaction Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome ProQOL ‐ Burnout Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome ProQOL ‐ Secondary Trauma Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome PHQ‐9‐ Patient Health Questionnaire. Outcome type: ContinuousOutcome
Identification	Sponsorship source: NR Country: USA Setting: Department of Psychiatry at a large regional hospital in New England. Comments: NR Authors name: Kristen E. Riley Institution: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut Email: kristen.e@gmail.com Address: 486 Babbidge Rd., Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269, USA Time period: NR
Notes	DASS‐stress included in analysis 5.1 and 5.2. PHQ included in analysis 5.4 and 5.5.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Participants were directed to an online, secure website (Qualtrics) to complete the online survey assessments at each of the four study time points. Baseline survey assessments were completed within 3 days after completing informed consent. After completing baseline measures, participants were e‐mailed their randomized group assignment (CBSM or YBSM) and information on the meeting time and place of the assigned group." Random sequence generation process insufficiently described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Difficult to judge whether participants and/or investigators could possibly foresee assignment, however it is assumed that it affects outcomes is small.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Quote: "After completing baseline measures, participants were e‐mailed their randomized group assignment (CBSM or YBSM) and information on the meeting time and place of the assigned group. Two 8‐week" Participants were not blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants were not blinded whereas outcomes are self‐reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Thirty‐eight participants completed baseline questionnaires (YBSM = 19, CBSM = 19), 28 participants completed postintervention Time 2 questionnaires, 25 participants completed Time 3 2‐month follow‐up questionnaires, and 19 completed 6‐month post‐follow‐up questionnaires. Based on t tests and chi‐squared tests, drop‐out participants did not differ significantly on any baseline variable from those who remained in the study."
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No trial registration or study protocol reported, nor did we find one online
Other bias	Unclear risk	Response rate not reported.