West 1984.
| Study characteristics | ||
| Methods | RCT, USA | |
| Participants | 60 acute care hospital nurses | |
| Interventions | 1) Experimental: four weeks of Stress Inoculation (SI) training divided as: i) Education‐only group (Ed) weekly 30‐minute sessions of information about anxiety, stress and coping skills and practice of self‐monitoring of stress producing events (n = 12) ii) Education + coping skills group (CS), 4 weekly 60‐minute sessions including education plus CS. CS: relaxation training, assertive skill training, cognitive restructuring and time‐management instruction (n = 12) iii) Education + exposure group (Ex) 4 weekly 60‐minute including education plus simulated stress‐producing situations via role play (n = 12) iv) Education + coping skills + exposure group (SI) 60‐minute sessions twice a week during 4 weeks including all the above (n = 12) 2) Control: No intervention (n = 12) |
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| Outcomes | MBI (used frequency and intensity separately for each subscale); we used Emotional Exhaustion intensity scores. Job‐Related Tension Index, Life Satisfaction Index, STAI, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, systolic and diastolic blood pressure | |
| Identification | ||
| Notes | Results are only presented for the group including CS (n = 24) versus education plus no‐intervention (n = 24). MBI‐EE included in analysis 1.1 and STAI included in analysis 1.4. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "...60 registered nurses... were stratified on the basis of work shift and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 counselors and one of five treatment conditions." (p. 212) |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Participants not blinded. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | Participants were not blinded whereas outcomes are self‐reported. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: "No subject attrition occurred at posttesting." (p. 213) |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported |
| Other bias | Low risk | We did not find any indications of other sources of bias |