Table 1.
Sample characteristics by AL rating status
| No-rating AL | Low-rating AL (rating <4.4) | High-rating AL (rating >=4.4) | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Characteristics (%) | N=16,691 | N=22,707 | N=20,433 | N=59,831 |
| Outcome measures, mean (SD) | ||||
| Percent of days alive at home | 93.4 (15.7) | 93.9 (14.7) | 94.7 (13.4) | 94.0 (14.6) |
| Percent of days alive in ER | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.9) |
| Percent of days alive in hospital | 1.9 (5.3) | 1.8 (5.0) | 1.6 (4.4) | 1.8 (4.9) |
| Percent of days alive in nursing home | 4.1 (13.4) | 3.7 (12.1) | 3.2 (11.2) | 3.6 (12.2) |
| Percent of days alive in hospice | 0.2 (2.5) | 0.2 (2.8) | 0.2 (2.4) | 0.2 (2.6) |
| Resident characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 78.3 (13.7) | 81.7 (10.9) | 82.9 (9.9) | 81.2 (11.6) |
| <65 | 13.1 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 7.6 |
| 65–74 | 19.2 | 14.4 | 11.9 | 14.9 |
| 75–84 | 27.2 | 31.1 | 31.6 | 30.2 |
| 85+ | 40.5 | 48.1 | 52.1 | 47.3 |
| Female | 60.8 | 62.8 | 64.7 | 62.9 |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 86.1 | 90.9 | 93.4 | 90.4 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6.6 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 4.6 |
| Hispanic | 3.8 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.4 |
| Other Race | 3.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.6 |
| Dually eligible | 26.3 | 15.9 | 10.5 | 17 |
| Number of Chronic Conditions | ||||
| <=10 | 32.6 | 28 | 28.9 | 29.6 |
| 11–19 | 50.9 | 55.7 | 56.8 | 54.7 |
| >=20 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 14.3 | 15.7 |
| Chronic conditions | ||||
| Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias | 37.7 | 40.3 | 39.6 | 39.3 |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.6 |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 24 | 28.1 | 28.8 | 27.2 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 45.9 | 48.8 | 48.6 | 47.9 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 36.3 | 37.5 | 36.3 | 36.8 |
| Heart Failure | 38.7 | 42.1 | 41.5 | 40.9 |
| Diabetes | 40 | 42.5 | 39.5 | 40.8 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease | 56.6 | 62.7 | 62.3 | 60.8 |
| Osteoporosis | 31.5 | 37.6 | 39 | 36.4 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritis | 68.5 | 75.2 | 76.9 | 73.9 |
| Mobility Impairments | 10 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 9.9 |
| Obesity | 27 | 26.2 | 25.2 | 26.1 |
| Cancer a | 18.3 | 21.7 | 22.3 | 21 |
| Anxiety/Depression | 61.8 | 62.4 | 61 | 61.8 |
| Mental Illness b | 24.3 | 19.3 | 15.9 | 19.5 |
| Hip/Pelvic Fracture | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 |
| Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack | 9.3 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 9.7 |
| Pressure Ulcers and Chronic Ulcers | 11.7 | 13 | 12.1 | 12.3 |
| Drug Use Disorder | 11.4 | 8.8 | 7 | 8.9 |
| Decedent | 11.2 | 12.3 | 12.8 | 12.2 |
| AL characteristics | ||||
| Large AL (number of beds >= 25) | 80.4 | 96.2 | 94.9 | 91.3 |
| AL location | ||||
| Urban | 70.3 | 87.1 | 83.2 | 81.1 |
| Large rural | 9.7 | 5.5 | 7.9 | 7.5 |
| Small rural | 10.5 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 5.1 |
| Missing | 9.5 | 5 | 5.1 | 6.3 |
Abbreviations: AL, assisted living; ER, emergency room.
a
Cancer includes breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer.
b
Mental illness includes bipolar disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders