Table 4.

Associations Between School Climate (10^th grade) and Academic Outcomes (11^th grade), Los Angeles, CA (N=1114).

	Truancy [OR, 95%CI]	School change [OR, 95%CI]	GPA [β, 95%CI]	Math proficient [OR, 95%CI]	English proficient [OR, 95%CI]	4-year College matriculation [OR, 95%CI]
School environment
Order*	0.72 [0.61, 0.86]	1.02 [0.93, 1.13]	0.02 [−0.01, 0.06]	1.05 [0.92, 1.20]	1.06 [0.93, 1.20]	1.14 [1.00, 1.31]
Safety**	0.83 [0.72, 0.96]	0.96 [0.87, 1.07]	0.01 [−0.01, 0.04]	1.10 [0.96, 1.27]	1.04 [0.93, 1.15]	1.04 [0.95, 1.14]
Teacher relationship
Teacher respect for students	0.84 [0.72, 0.99]	0.98 [0.90, 1.06]	0.03 [0, 0.06]	1.16 [1.02, 1.31]	1.19 [1.04, 1.37]	1.06 [0.93, 1.21]
Teacher support for college	0.88 [0.75, 1.02]	0.94 [0.85, 1.03]	0 [−0.04, 0.04]	1.00 [0.84, 1.18]	1.13 [0.96, 1.32]	1.04 [0.93, 1.15]
Disciplinary Style ***
Average	Reference	reference	reference	Reference	reference	reference
Authoritative	0.67 [0.46, 0.97]	1.07 [0.78, 1.46]	0.02 [−0.05, 0.10]	0.95 [0.65, 1.40]	1.37 [0.82, 2.30]	1.19 [0.79, 1.80]
Authoritarian	0.82 [0.44, 1.54]	1.17 [0.82, 1.68]	−0.04 [−0.15, 0.08]	0.58 [0.29, 1.15]	0.95 [0.53, 1.70]	0.87 [0.45, 1.68]
Permissive	0.43 [0.23, 0.82]	0.80 [0.50, 1.29]	0.24 [0.11, 0.36]	1.00 [0.47, 2.14]	2.86 [1.12, 7.33]	3.31 [1.38, 7.96]
Neglectful	1.75 [1.23, 2.49]	1.29 [1.04, 1.61]	−0.08 [−0.15, −0.01]	0.76 [0.53, 1.10]	1.04 [0.74, 1.47]	1.03 [0.79, 1.35]

Abbreviations: OR – Odds Ratio, β – regression coefficient. Bold font indicates estimate significant to p<0.05. All models adjusted for: student gender, Latinx ethnicity, USA birthplace, native English language, parental birthplace, parental employment, parental education, parenting style, outcome measure at 9^th grade.

^*Wong et al.’s measure of school order with higher scores indicates a more positive school climate ³⁴.

^**Chicago Consortium on School Research Student Perceptions of Safety Scale, higher scores indicating greater perceived safety ³⁶.

^***School Disciplinary Style Score ²².