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. 2023 Apr 28;10:1158023. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158023

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Copyright © 2023 Inoue and Takeda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Network-like evolutionary relationships in eukaryotic mobile genetic elements and viruses. (A–D) Examples of the emergence of novel mobile genetic elements by recombination between different class of elements. (A) Teratorn (B) LTR retrotransposons and retroviruses (C) Polintons and several dsDNA viruses, adapted from (79) (D) ssDNA viruses, adapted from (80). Abbreviations; PR, protease; RH, RNA helicase; RT, reverse-transcriptase; Env, envelope protein; INT, retrovirus-like integrase; CP, capsid protein; pPolB, protein-primed family B DNA polymerase; NCLDV, nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus; RCRE, rolling-circle replication endonuclease; JRC, jerry-roll capsid. (E) Network-like evolutionary relationships in eukaryotic mobile genetic elements and viruses. Evolutionary relationships between different classes of mobile elements are connected by lines. Shared genes are represented next to the lines. Abbreviations; ATPase, DNA packaging ATPase; DDE, DDE transposase; DJR, double jelly-roll capsid; Env, envelope protein; Gag, group-specific antigen; JRC, jelly-roll capsid; pPolB, protein-primed family B DNA polymerase; Pro, Ulp1-like cysteine protease; RC-Rep, rolling-circle replication initiation endonuclease; RdRP, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; RT, reverse-transcriptase; S3H, superfamily 3 helicase.