Table 2.
Mean (SD) or median (interquartile ranges) for non-normal distribution of the 17 variables measured at the interview.
| Questionnaire (min-max) | NDErs (n = 63) | NDErs-like (n = 31) | Controls w/LTS (n = 43) | Controls w/o LTS (n = 44) | p-value | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big five questionnaire (8–50) | ||||||
| Extraversion | 29 (8.5) | 28 (8.0) | 27 (8.5) | 30 (10.0) | 0.72 | ε2 = 0.01 |
| Pleasantness | 42 (7.5) | 43 (5.5) | 42 (8.5) | 42 (5.0) | 0.47 | ε2 = 0.01 |
| Conscientiousness | 37 (7.0) | 38 (7.5) | 35 (9.0) | 35 (6.5) | 0.03 | ε2 = 0.05 |
| Neuroticism | 18 (8.5) | 17 (13.5) | 22 (10.5) | 21 (12.3) | 0.29 | ε2 = 0.02 |
| Openness | 41 (6.0)* | 42 (8.5) | 40 (9.0) | 37 (11.8)* | 0.01 | ε2 = 0.0715.5pt |
| Dissociative experience scale (0–100) | 12.1 (15.0) | 10.7 (17.9) | 10.0 (16.8) | 10.7 (9.2) | 0.3 | ε2 = 0.0215.5pt |
| Creative experience questionnaire (0–25) | 8 (6.5)* | 7 (7.0)* | 6 (5.5) | 4 (4.0)* | < 0.001 | ε2 = 0.1215.5pt |
| Launey-Slade Hallucination Scale (0–64) | 20 (18.0) | 21 (25.0) | 17 (12.5) | 14 (19.3) | 0.12 | ε2 = 0.0315.5pt |
| Tellegen absorption scale (0–34) | 19.0 (7.1)* | 18.0 (7.2) | 15.8 (1.0) | 14.0 (6.8)* | 0.004 | η2 = 0.0215.5pt |
| Intrinsic religious motivation scale (10–40) | 20 (8.0)* | 21 (10.5) | 18 (8.5) | 16.5 (6.0)* | 0.02 | ε2 = 0.0615.5pt |
| Revised paranormal belief scale (1–7) | ||||||
| Traditional religious belief | 3.5 (2.3)* | 3.3 (2.5)* | 2.3 (2.3) | 2.6 (2.0)* | 0.001 | ε2 = 0.09 |
| Psi | 3.8 (2.3) | 4 (2.5) | 2.5 (1.9) | 3.0 (2.4) | 0.02 | ε2 = 0.05 |
| Witchcraft | 3.8 (2.8) | 3.3 (3.3) | 2 (2.8) | 2.3 (2.8) | 0.02 | ε2 = 0.05 |
| Superstition | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0.45 | ε2 = 0.01 |
| Spiritualism | 4.5 (2.6)* | 5 (1.9)* | 3 (3.9) | 3 (2.1)* | < 0.001 | ε2 = 0.16 |
| Extraordinary life form | 2.7 (1.3) | 2.7 (2.0) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0.15 | ε2 = 0.03 |
| Precognition | 3.5 (2.6)* | 3.3 (2.0)* | 1.8 (2.1) | 2 (2.1)* | < 0.001 | ε2 = 0.13 |
NDErs, Near-Death Experiencers; NDErs-like, Near-Death-Like Experiencers; Controls w/ LTS, Controls with a life-threatening situation; Controls w/o LTS, Controls without a life-threatening situation; SD, standard deviation; n, sample size; *, post-hoc significant differences.