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. 2023 Apr 28;14:1178113. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178113

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Copyright © 2023 Wang, Liu, Chen and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different groups of microglia. (A) The morphology of microglia in two groups. (B–D) Normal microglia are treated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (towards the M1 phenotype) or IL-4 (towards the M2 phenotype). (B) LPS treatment effectively induced a M1 polarization of microglia (verified by the IF of the marker CD86). (C) IL-4 triggered a M2 polarization (verified by the IF of the marker Arg-1). (D) Western blot analysis of iNOS and CD206 expression in two treatment groups. *P <0.05, **P <0.01.